{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224564317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","title":"Risk Prioritization of ``Digital Drug'' and Consumer Neurostimulation Modalities: A Reproducible Interval-Valued Fermatean Fuzzy Entropy\u2013TOPSIS Framework","display_name":"Risk Prioritization of ``Digital Drug'' and Consumer Neurostimulation Modalities: A Reproducible Interval-Valued Fermatean Fuzzy Entropy\u2013TOPSIS Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224564317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.63689/2993-7159.1372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387292478","display_name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","issn_l":"2993-7140","issn":["2993-7140","2993-7159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316495","host_organization_name":"University of New Mexico Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of New Mexico Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160071456","display_name":"Rawan Emad El-Saadany","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rawan Emad El-Saadany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045337199","display_name":"Samy Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Samy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113361837","display_name":"Mohamed M. AbdelHafeez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed M. AbdelHafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008357127","display_name":"Mahmoud M. Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-4621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-4621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud M. Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89108697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"10","first_page":"1082","last_page":"1108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11671","display_name":"Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13955","display_name":"Evaluation Methods in Various Fields","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-drugs","display_name":"digital drugs","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binaural-beats","display_name":"binaural beats","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prioritization","display_name":"risk prioritization","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shannon-entropy-weighting","display_name":"Shannon entropy weighting","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-decision-making","display_name":"group decision making","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/min-max-normalization","display_name":"min-max normalization","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777615720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888847","display_name":"Prioritization","level":2,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11105738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895805","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.4706000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115988155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262192","display_name":"Decision problem","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776443511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724687","display_name":"Neurostimulation","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.63689/2993-7159.1372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387292478","display_name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","issn_l":"2993-7140","issn":["2993-7140","2993-7159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316495","host_organization_name":"University of New Mexico Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of New Mexico Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.63689/2993-7159.1372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63689/2993-7159.1372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387292478","display_name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","issn_l":"2993-7140","issn":["2993-7140","2993-7159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316495","host_organization_name":"University of New Mexico Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of New Mexico Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neutrosophic Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386599956","https://openalex.org/W6968342000","https://openalex.org/W2403937358","https://openalex.org/W2330240391","https://openalex.org/W6925324318","https://openalex.org/W1988469496","https://openalex.org/W7097824075","https://openalex.org/W6959630785","https://openalex.org/W2395874492","https://openalex.org/W2885214961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consumer":[0],"audio":[1],"and":[2,14,39,61,88,164,190,220,230,252],"multisensory":[3],"stimulation":[4],"technologies":[5],"are":[6,59,177,239,255],"increasingly":[7],"accessible":[8],"through":[9,119],"streaming":[10],"platforms,":[11],"mobile":[12],"applications,":[13],"immersive":[15],"media.":[16],"The":[17,98,173,206,225,248],"expression":[18],"digital":[19,92],"drug":[20,93],"is":[21,35,50,54,127,130,168],"sometimes":[22],"used":[23,169],"for":[24,90,106,148,170],"binaural-beat":[25],"content":[26],"intended":[27],"to":[28,257],"alter":[29],"subjective":[30],"states,":[31],"but":[32],"the":[33,110,115,133,142,195,234],"term":[34],"a":[36,72,101],"consumer/cultural":[37],"label":[38],"does":[40],"not":[41,240],"imply":[42],"pharmacological":[43],"equivalence.":[44],"Risk":[45],"prioritization":[46],"in":[47],"this":[48],"area":[49],"difficult":[51],"because":[52],"evidence":[53],"heterogeneous,":[55],"several":[56],"relevant":[57],"criteria":[58],"qualitative,":[60],"judgments":[62],"may":[63],"be":[64],"imprecise":[65],"rather":[66],"than":[67],"point-valued.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"develops":[71],"transparent":[73],"interval-valued":[74],"Fermatean":[75],"fuzzy":[76],"(IVFF)":[77],"group":[78],"decision":[79,236],"framework":[80],"that":[81],"combines":[82],"interval-preserving":[83],"aggregation,":[84],"Shannon":[85],"entropy":[86,107,129],"weighting,":[87],"TOPSIS":[89,112,138],"prioritizing":[91],"risk":[94,162],"scenarios":[95],"under":[96,210],"uncertainty.":[97],"method":[99],"uses":[100],"bounded":[102,134],"cube-based":[103],"score":[104,136],"only":[105],"estimation,":[108],"while":[109],"final":[111],"stage":[113],"retains":[114],"complete":[116,249],"IVFF":[117,135],"intervals":[118],"an":[120],"endpoint-based":[121],"distance":[122],"metric.":[123],"A":[124,151],"normalization":[125,144],"safeguard":[126],"introduced:":[128],"computed":[131],"from":[132],"before":[137],"vector":[139],"normalization,":[140],"avoiding":[141],"min\u2013max":[143],"issue":[145],"previously":[146],"identified":[147],"entropy\u2013TOPSIS":[149],"combinations.":[150],"fully":[152],"disclosed":[153],"illustrative":[154],"case":[155],"with":[156],"five":[157],"consumer":[158],"neurostimulation":[159],"modalities,":[160],"eight":[161],"criteria,":[163],"three":[165,222],"decision-maker":[166],"profiles":[167],"numerical":[171],"verification.":[172],"resulting":[174],"closeness":[175],"coefficients":[176],"A5":[178,197],"=":[179,182,185,188,192],"0.8631,":[180],"A4":[181,199],"0.7617,":[183],"A2":[184,201],"0.4466,":[186],"A1":[187,203],"0.2674,":[189],"A3":[191],"0.0000,":[193],"giving":[194],"order":[196],">":[198,200,202,204],"A3.":[205],"ranking":[207],"remains":[208],"unchanged":[209],"\u00b1":[211],"25%":[212],"one-at-a-time":[213],"criterion-weight":[214],"perturbations,":[215],"equal-weight":[216],"ablation,":[217],"scalar-score":[218],"TOPSIS,":[219],"all":[221],"leave-one-decision-maker-out":[223],"tests.":[224],"results":[226],"demonstrate":[227],"computational":[228],"consistency":[229],"local":[231],"robustness":[232],"of":[233],"proposed":[235],"procedure;":[237],"they":[238],"clinical":[241],"incidence":[242],"estimates":[243],"or":[244],"empirical":[245],"safety":[246],"claims.":[247],"linguistic":[250],"inputs":[251],"intermediate":[253],"calculations":[254],"reported":[256],"support":[258],"independent":[259],"reproduction.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}