{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224522054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","title":"Zinc in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Biological Functions, Clinical Associations and Therapeutic Uncertainty","display_name":"Zinc in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Biological Functions, Clinical Associations and Therapeutic Uncertainty","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224522054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18213575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110940849","display_name":"Richard Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3274-4330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3274-4330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801196673","display_name":"St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/039zedc16","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3274-4330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015303619","display_name":"Michael Colwill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-8358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-8358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801196673","display_name":"St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/039zedc16","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Colwill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-8358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076763060","display_name":"Aaron Singh Bancil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-1919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-1919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801196673","display_name":"St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/039zedc16","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron S. Bancil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037680180","display_name":"Kamal Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-4260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-4260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801196673","display_name":"St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/039zedc16","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal V. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020137601","display_name":"Sailish Honap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-2763","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-2763"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801196673","display_name":"St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/039zedc16","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sailish Honap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK","School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-2763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065247051","display_name":"Andrew P. Poullis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-0328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-0328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801196673","display_name":"St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/039zedc16","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Poullis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George\u2019s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110940849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801196673","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86735596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"21","first_page":"3575","last_page":"3575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.057100001722574234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10452","display_name":"Iron Metabolism and Disorders","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-deficiency","display_name":"zinc deficiency","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-bowel-disease","display_name":"inflammatory bowel disease","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crohn-s-disease","display_name":"Crohn's disease","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-zinc","display_name":"serum zinc","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-supplementation","display_name":"zinc supplementation","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-barrier-integrity","display_name":"epithelial barrier integrity","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tight-junction-integrity","display_name":"tight junction integrity","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucus-production","display_name":"mucus production","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paneth-cells","display_name":"Paneth cells","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-regulation","display_name":"immune regulation","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoalbuminemia","display_name":"hypoalbuminemia","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-inflammation","display_name":"systemic inflammation","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-management","display_name":"dietary management","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrence","display_name":"recurrence","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776928490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20057872","display_name":"Zinc deficiency (plant disorder)","level":3,"score":0.7633000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7077000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7002999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.6550999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472","display_name":"Crohn's disease","level":3,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777312293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3649349","display_name":"Mucus","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019368612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154506","display_name":"Intestinal mucosa","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776252253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663815","display_name":"Systemic inflammation","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422766","display_name":"C-reactive protein","level":3,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172268261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4764988","display_name":"Animal studies","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780479503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477","display_name":"Ulcerative colitis","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18213575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18213575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1417251146","https://openalex.org/W1509086826","https://openalex.org/W1978298108","https://openalex.org/W1999805359","https://openalex.org/W2019345165","https://openalex.org/W2021002667","https://openalex.org/W2030653405","https://openalex.org/W2043104474","https://openalex.org/W2062316177","https://openalex.org/W2066870760","https://openalex.org/W2074923653","https://openalex.org/W2076376276","https://openalex.org/W2077995014","https://openalex.org/W2082048614","https://openalex.org/W2096097124","https://openalex.org/W2099822807","https://openalex.org/W2106423343","https://openalex.org/W2109636815","https://openalex.org/W2112542647","https://openalex.org/W2114893119","https://openalex.org/W2124903183","https://openalex.org/W2128559379","https://openalex.org/W2135973124","https://openalex.org/W2146643957","https://openalex.org/W2158744241","https://openalex.org/W2169056432","https://openalex.org/W2179867099","https://openalex.org/W2253715542","https://openalex.org/W2260072788","https://openalex.org/W2288699132","https://openalex.org/W2345985582","https://openalex.org/W2443913211","https://openalex.org/W2560823493","https://openalex.org/W2585993922","https://openalex.org/W2618198971","https://openalex.org/W2769714204","https://openalex.org/W2779215932","https://openalex.org/W2793670928","https://openalex.org/W2809059905","https://openalex.org/W2920067922","https://openalex.org/W2937361179","https://openalex.org/W2990508949","https://openalex.org/W2999392094","https://openalex.org/W3000246163","https://openalex.org/W3010944001","https://openalex.org/W3014488510","https://openalex.org/W3016295300","https://openalex.org/W3025450710","https://openalex.org/W3030135254","https://openalex.org/W3035553595","https://openalex.org/W3080848845","https://openalex.org/W3122077724","https://openalex.org/W3171554419","https://openalex.org/W4206188979","https://openalex.org/W4211062186","https://openalex.org/W4214924886","https://openalex.org/W4283646032","https://openalex.org/W4286261452","https://openalex.org/W4297988242","https://openalex.org/W4313533542","https://openalex.org/W4324332993","https://openalex.org/W4376119952","https://openalex.org/W4378745855","https://openalex.org/W4385728359","https://openalex.org/W4386100384","https://openalex.org/W4387186783","https://openalex.org/W4390944763","https://openalex.org/W4391899476","https://openalex.org/W4392364674","https://openalex.org/W4399409068","https://openalex.org/W4399994868","https://openalex.org/W4400973018","https://openalex.org/W4405293451","https://openalex.org/W4406873803","https://openalex.org/W4408308851","https://openalex.org/W4409844121","https://openalex.org/W4412366331","https://openalex.org/W4414455537","https://openalex.org/W4414559973","https://openalex.org/W4415619205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560823493","https://openalex.org/W4399097555","https://openalex.org/W7094698566","https://openalex.org/W4403722429","https://openalex.org/W4415619205","https://openalex.org/W4297988242","https://openalex.org/W4412131707","https://openalex.org/W2103656914","https://openalex.org/W7160694386","https://openalex.org/W4399409068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zinc":[0,25,175],"deficiency":[1,46,176,221],"is":[2,26],"reported":[3],"in":[4,33,68,141,187,196],"up":[5],"to":[6,49,84,102,216],"half":[7],"of":[8,94,184,199,205],"patients":[9],"with":[10,30,59,116],"inflammatory":[11,173],"bowel":[12],"disease":[13,96],"(IBD),":[14],"yet":[15],"interpreting":[16],"a":[17,89,92,98],"low":[18,56,86],"serum":[19,57,190],"zinc":[20,58,79,87,115,146,191,207,220],"concentration":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23,178,194],"challenging.":[24],"an":[27],"essential":[28],"micronutrient":[29],"important":[31],"roles":[32],"epithelial":[34],"barrier":[35],"integrity,":[36,124],"immune":[37,131],"regulation":[38],"and":[39,65,75,111,130,137,158,180,202],"cellular":[40],"signalling,":[41],"providing":[42],"biological":[43,135],"plausibility":[44],"that":[45,145],"could":[47],"contribute":[48],"intestinal":[50],"inflammation.":[51,103],"Observational":[52],"studies":[53,119,154],"have":[54],"associated":[55],"adverse":[60],"outcomes,":[61,163],"including":[62],"hospitalisation,":[63],"surgery":[64],"relapse,":[66],"particularly":[67],"Crohn\u2019s":[69],"disease.":[70],"However,":[71],"both":[72],"systemic":[73],"inflammation":[74],"hypoalbuminaemia":[76],"reduce":[77],"circulating":[78],"concentrations,":[80],"raising":[81],"uncertainty":[82],"as":[83,182],"whether":[85,218],"represents":[88],"true":[90],"deficiency,":[91],"marker":[93],"active":[95],"or":[97,172],"potentially":[99],"modifiable":[100],"contributor":[101],"This":[104],"narrative":[105],"review":[106],"examines":[107],"the":[108,138,197,203],"mechanistic,":[109],"observational":[110,142],"interventional":[112],"evidence":[113,144],"linking":[114],"IBD.":[117],"Experimental":[118],"support":[120],"effects":[121],"on":[122,161],"tight-junction":[123],"mucus":[125],"production,":[126],"Paneth":[127],"cell":[128],"function":[129],"signalling.":[132],"Despite":[133],"this":[134],"rationale":[136],"associations":[139],"seen":[140],"studies,":[143],"supplementation":[147,166],"improves":[148,222],"IBD-related":[149],"outcomes":[150],"remains":[151,209],"limited.":[152],"Existing":[153],"are":[155,214],"small,":[156],"heterogeneous":[157],"often":[159],"rely":[160],"surrogate":[162],"while":[164],"oral":[165],"has":[167],"not":[168],"consistently":[169],"improved":[170],"clinical":[171],"endpoints.":[174],"should":[177,193],"identified":[179],"corrected":[181],"part":[183],"nutritional":[185],"care":[186],"IBD":[188,224],"but":[189],"concentrations":[192],"interpreted":[195],"context":[198],"underlying":[200],"inflammation,":[201],"benefit":[204],"routine":[206],"monitoring":[208],"uncertain.":[210],"Well-designed":[211],"prospective":[212],"trials":[213],"needed":[215],"determine":[217],"correcting":[219],"objective":[223],"outcomes.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}