{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224515612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","title":"Engineered probiotics target granulomas to treat mycobacterial infection","display_name":"Engineered probiotics target granulomas to treat mycobacterial infection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224515612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.762313.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.762313.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146827419","display_name":"Yu-Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-4007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-4007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-4007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082692946","display_name":"Tetsuhiro Harimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-7494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-7494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuhiro Harimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-7494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004984415","display_name":"Ga\u00eblle Guiewi Makafe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-4225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-4225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125275712","display_name":"Trudeau Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r83e717","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125275712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ga\u00eblle Guiewi Makafe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tuberculosis R&D Program, Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-4225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis R&D Program, Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125275712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037506448","display_name":"Courtney Coker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-133X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-133X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Courtney Coker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-133X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003874359","display_name":"Hannah Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043964705","display_name":"Jongwon Im","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-2770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-2770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongwon Im","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-2770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160113728","display_name":"Yuanqi Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-1094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-1094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanqi Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-1094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036793771","display_name":"\uc9c4\ud558\uc601","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayoung Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082719869","display_name":"Xiaoyu Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160068991","display_name":"Sharicka Zutshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0428-1341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0428-1341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharicka Zutshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0428-1341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160124573","display_name":"Mia Ross Raneri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mia Ross Raneri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090225641","display_name":"Brian C. Weinrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-4487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-4487"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125275712","display_name":"Trudeau Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r83e717","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125275712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Weinrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tuberculosis R&D Program, Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-4487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis R&D Program, Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125275712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050429519","display_name":"Tal Danino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-7659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-7659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039230","display_name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/051kc1939","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039230"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tal Danino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-7659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039230","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050429519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039230","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12996","display_name":"Bacterial Cancer Therapy","score":0.5673999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12996","display_name":"Bacterial Cancer Therapy","score":0.5673999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.2102999985218048,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.04259999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineered-probiotics","display_name":"engineered probiotics","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granuloma","display_name":"granuloma","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterial-infection","display_name":"mycobacterial infection","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli-nissle-1917","display_name":"Escherichia coli Nissle 1917","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rifampicin-resistance","display_name":"rifampicin resistance","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pretomanid","display_name":"pretomanid","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-potentiation","display_name":"antibiotic potentiation","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-mycobacteria","display_name":"drug-resistant mycobacteria","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-biology","display_name":"synthetic biology","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granulomatous-disease","display_name":"granulomatous disease","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779685592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2853298","display_name":"Antimycobacterial","level":4,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129338","display_name":"Granuloma","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153726182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3720909","display_name":"Intracellular parasite","level":3,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780374374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194309","display_name":"Mycobacterium","level":3,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57409179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218293","display_name":"Lysis","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.762313.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.762313","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.762313.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224515612.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224515612.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131069045","https://openalex.org/W7161109333"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605968366","https://openalex.org/W7164203420","https://openalex.org/W2334789109","https://openalex.org/W7203521963","https://openalex.org/W4412907019","https://openalex.org/W4401422514","https://openalex.org/W7214658344","https://openalex.org/W3187216247","https://openalex.org/W4393223712","https://openalex.org/W7140076187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Granulomas":[1],"are":[2],"a":[3,35,62,85,89,114,135],"pathological":[4],"niche":[5],"for":[6,71,139],"mycobacteria":[7,96],"that":[8,19,38,91],"remain":[9],"difficult":[10],"to":[11,56,83],"access":[12],"with":[13,75,122,143],"conventional":[14,101],"therapies.":[15],"Here":[16],"we":[17,48],"show":[18],"probiotic":[20],"Escherichia":[21],"coli":[22],"Nissle":[23],"1917":[24],"(EcN)":[25],"infiltrates":[26],"and":[27,30,43,60,68,94,99,112],"colonizes":[28],"granulomas":[29,55],"can":[31],"be":[32],"engineered":[33,81],"as":[34],"delivery":[36],"system":[37],"senses":[39],"the":[40,50],"local":[41],"microenvironment":[42,52],"releases":[44],"antimycobacterial":[45],"payloads.":[46],"Specifically,":[47],"leveraged":[49],"hypoxic":[51],"of":[53,117],"necrotic":[54],"restrict":[57],"bacterial":[58,126],"growth,":[59],"developed":[61],"dual-mode":[63],"lysis":[64],"circuit":[65],"combining":[66],"intracellular":[67],"extracellular":[69],"killing":[70],"sustained":[72],"payload":[73],"release":[74],"limited":[76],"evolutionary":[77],"escape.":[78],"We":[79],"further":[80],"EcN":[82],"express":[84],"mycobacteriophage-derived":[86],"enzyme,":[87],"generating":[88],"strain":[90],"suppressed":[92],"drug-sensitive":[93],"drug-resistant":[95],"in":[97,110,113],"vitro":[98],"potentiated":[100],"antibiotic":[102],"activity.":[103],"Engineered":[104],"probiotics":[105],"also":[106],"reduced":[107],"mycobacterial":[108],"burden":[109],"vivo,":[111],"murine":[115],"model":[116],"rifampicin-resistant":[118],"infection,":[119],"combination":[120],"treatment":[121],"pretomanid":[123],"achieved":[124],"greater":[125],"reduction":[127],"than":[128],"either":[129],"monotherapy.":[130],"Together,":[131],"these":[132],"results":[133],"establish":[134],"synthetic":[136],"biology":[137],"framework":[138],"targeting":[140],"granulomatous":[141],"infections":[142],"programmable":[144],"living":[145],"microbes.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}