{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224512331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","title":"The Role of Physical Preparation in Motorsport Athletes Across Different Vehicle Types: A Narrative Review","display_name":"The Role of Physical Preparation in Motorsport Athletes Across Different Vehicle Types: A Narrative Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224512331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42956734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502187214","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance","issn_l":"1555-0265","issn":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133557754","display_name":"Gabriel Vieira Barros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8455-7873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8455-7873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Vieira Barros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8455-7873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052461247","display_name":"Ana Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-3994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-3994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-3994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115870423","display_name":"Maur\u00edcio Facchini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6217-9443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6217-9443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maur\u00edcio Facchini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6217-9443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021116505","display_name":"Carlos Augusto Mulatinho de Queiroz Pedroso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-856X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-856X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71437568","display_name":"Universidade de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtcbp88","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71437568"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Mulatinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group of Sport and Management (Gequip), Superior School of Physical Education of the University of Pernambuco (ESEF/UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-856X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group of Sport and Management (Gequip), Superior School of Physical Education of the University of Pernambuco (ESEF/UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71437568"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020620614","display_name":"Rodrigo Zacca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-0000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-0000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130116","display_name":"Universidad Adventista de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/038j0b276","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130116"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252467","display_name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Actividade F\u00edsica Sa\u00fade e Lazer","ror":"https://ror.org/05hnd3017","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252467"]}],"countries":["CL","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Zacca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sports, Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal","Laboratory of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal","Nucleus of Research in Human Motricity Sciences, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chill\u00e1n, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-0000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sports, Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4405252467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nucleus of Research in Human Motricity Sciences, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chill\u00e1n, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062130665","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Roberto Afonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-393X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-393X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Afonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2038-393X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12677","display_name":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-fitness-training","display_name":"physical conditioning","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-stress","display_name":"heat stress","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoregulation","display_name":"thermoregulation","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscular-endurance","display_name":"muscular endurance","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handgrip-strength","display_name":"grip strength","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-strain","display_name":"cardiovascular strain","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-program","display_name":"training program","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.7771000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.7218000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017825213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066131","display_name":"Competitive athletes","level":3,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45262634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159291","display_name":"Conditioning","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779258753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813769","display_name":"Athletic training","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190210774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15427384","display_name":"Ecological validity","level":3,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124056412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320364","display_name":"Scientific evidence","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171687745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309252","display_name":"Physical fitness","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47064","display_name":"Military personnel","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2026-0240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502187214","display_name":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance","issn_l":"1555-0265","issn":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42956734","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42956734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of sports physiology and performance","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176317830","https://openalex.org/W1106529520","https://openalex.org/W1974379503","https://openalex.org/W1976750254","https://openalex.org/W1977917999","https://openalex.org/W1985471388","https://openalex.org/W1989949637","https://openalex.org/W1991714028","https://openalex.org/W1994342416","https://openalex.org/W1995426961","https://openalex.org/W2001289296","https://openalex.org/W2009395129","https://openalex.org/W2010085060","https://openalex.org/W2013924679","https://openalex.org/W2022516701","https://openalex.org/W2022519731","https://openalex.org/W2027712805","https://openalex.org/W2031964415","https://openalex.org/W2034653722","https://openalex.org/W2045608346","https://openalex.org/W2046577594","https://openalex.org/W2048394350","https://openalex.org/W2053545643","https://openalex.org/W2055115066","https://openalex.org/W2067897299","https://openalex.org/W2074183648","https://openalex.org/W2118140440","https://openalex.org/W2118330447","https://openalex.org/W2133603273","https://openalex.org/W2141933012","https://openalex.org/W2146115401","https://openalex.org/W2150305964","https://openalex.org/W2158941464","https://openalex.org/W2250589012","https://openalex.org/W2277099063","https://openalex.org/W2312277667","https://openalex.org/W2469808460","https://openalex.org/W2506937591","https://openalex.org/W2575394478","https://openalex.org/W2734457642","https://openalex.org/W2763210421","https://openalex.org/W2785296726","https://openalex.org/W2805060101","https://openalex.org/W2819702872","https://openalex.org/W2895729342","https://openalex.org/W2897505929","https://openalex.org/W2916204794","https://openalex.org/W2920061333","https://openalex.org/W2949927769","https://openalex.org/W2954387946","https://openalex.org/W3048100054","https://openalex.org/W4200338003","https://openalex.org/W4212992084","https://openalex.org/W4232544932","https://openalex.org/W4303497403","https://openalex.org/W4313815848","https://openalex.org/W4381492344","https://openalex.org/W4386924088","https://openalex.org/W4399773768","https://openalex.org/W4400996768","https://openalex.org/W4408205871","https://openalex.org/W7118022728","https://openalex.org/W7130413629","https://openalex.org/W7133215489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6887765481","https://openalex.org/W7171670753","https://openalex.org/W7135615070","https://openalex.org/W4386924088","https://openalex.org/W2031964415","https://openalex.org/W7130413629","https://openalex.org/W4413141688","https://openalex.org/W6887701230","https://openalex.org/W7019215924","https://openalex.org/W2922459566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Despite":[1],"motorsport's":[2],"widespread":[3],"appeal,":[4],"early":[5],"performance":[6,202],"models":[7],"did":[8],"not":[9],"consider":[10],"drivers":[11,16,64,140,157],"as":[12],"athletes,":[13],"and":[14,53,59,80,91,124,128,148,153,164,176,191,203,222],"even":[15],"often":[17],"struggled":[18],"with":[19],"this":[20,37],"classification,":[21],"which":[22],"historically":[23],"contributed":[24],"to":[25,54,74,97,136,144,201,214],"their":[26,224],"exclusion":[27],"from":[28],"research":[29],"focused":[30],"on":[31,63],"athletic":[32],"performance.":[33],"Slowly":[34],"but":[35],"steadily,":[36],"paradigm":[38],"has":[39],"been":[40],"changing.":[41],"PURPOSE:":[42],"To":[43],"review":[44,71],"the":[45,56,99,102,187,209,216],"evolution":[46,100],"of":[47,101,179,194,208,219],"physical":[48,60,103,110],"conditioning":[49,104,184],"in":[50,83,112,226],"land-based":[51],"motorsports":[52,113],"examine":[55],"specific":[57],"physiological":[58,78],"demands":[61,111,133,193],"imposed":[62],"by":[65,116],"different":[66],"vehicle":[67,137],"types.":[68],"A":[69],"narrative":[70],"was":[72],"conducted":[73],"synthesize":[75],"historical":[76],"perspectives,":[77],"demands,":[79],"training":[81,220],"approaches":[82],"motorsport.":[84,228],"Peer-reviewed":[85],"studies,":[86],"practical":[87],"reports,":[88],"opinion":[89],"articles,":[90],"relevant":[92],"online":[93],"materials":[94],"were":[95],"analyzed":[96],"describe":[98],"required":[105],"across":[106],"racing":[107],"categories.":[108],"The":[109],"are":[114,141,198],"characterized":[115],"sustained":[117,125],"cardiovascular":[118],"strain,":[119],"significant":[120],"neuromuscular":[121,174],"loading,":[122],"large":[123,159],"G-force":[126],"exposure,":[127],"pronounced":[129],"thermal":[130],"stress.":[131],"These":[132],"vary":[134],"according":[135],"type.":[138],"Closed-wheel":[139],"particularly":[142],"exposed":[143],"prolonged":[145],"heat":[146],"stress":[147],"require":[149,169],"comprehensive":[150],"muscular":[151],"endurance":[152],"thermoregulatory":[154,192],"adaptation.":[155],"Open-wheel":[156],"experience":[158],"G-forces,":[160],"demanding":[161],"exceptional":[162],"neck":[163],"lower-limb":[165],"strength.":[166],"Two-wheel":[167],"riders":[168],"enhanced":[170],"handgrip":[171],"strength,":[172],"dynamic":[173],"control,":[175],"high":[177],"levels":[178],"aerobic":[180],"capacity.":[181],"CONCLUSIONS:":[182],"Tailored":[183],"programs":[185],"addressing":[186],"distinct":[188],"physiological,":[189],"neuromuscular,":[190],"each":[195],"motorsport":[196],"category":[197],"closely":[199],"linked":[200],"safety.":[204],"Further":[205],"systematic":[206],"evaluation":[207],"empirical":[210],"evidence":[211],"is":[212],"necessary":[213],"enhance":[215],"ecological":[217],"validity":[218],"recommendations":[221],"strengthen":[223],"application":[225],"competitive":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}