{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224501697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","title":"Determinants of Insomnia among Undergraduate Female Students in a Rural Area of Haryana: A Mixed-method Study","display_name":"Determinants of Insomnia among Undergraduate Female Students in a Rural Area of Haryana: A Mixed-method Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224501697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494850","display_name":"Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine","issn_l":"0973-340X","issn":["0973-340X","0973-8746","0974-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160124347","display_name":"Ilakkiya P","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilakkiya P","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102726519","display_name":"Ramesh Kumar Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-7476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-7476"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079678927","display_name":"Anita Punia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-7463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-7463","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-7954"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Punia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121551717","display_name":"Sree Sathvik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sree Sathvik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine , Rajalakshmi Medical College , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine , Rajalakshmi Medical College , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160071624","display_name":"Jitender Kaushik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitender Kaushik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160083899","display_name":"Sandeep Rao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160143464","display_name":"Gireesh Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gireesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine , Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women , Sonipat , Haryana , India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9145498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"158","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia","display_name":"insomnia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-university-students","display_name":"female university students","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-students","display_name":"rural students","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-disruption","display_name":"sleep disruption","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-hygiene","display_name":"sleep hygiene","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-stress","display_name":"academic stress","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-time","display_name":"screen time","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-environment","display_name":"social environment","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia-prevalence","display_name":"insomnia prevalence","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-origin","display_name":"state of origin","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/help-seeking","display_name":"help-seeking","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haryana","display_name":"Haryana","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.890500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.6230999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1513209611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190","display_name":"Sleep disorder","level":3,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776245837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053505","display_name":"Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index","level":4,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494850","display_name":"Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine","issn_l":"0973-340X","issn":["0973-340X","0973-8746","0974-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494850","display_name":"Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine","issn_l":"0973-340X","issn":["0973-340X","0973-8746","0974-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224501697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224501697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088948024","https://openalex.org/W2143331213","https://openalex.org/W2610697518","https://openalex.org/W2916818843","https://openalex.org/W2974080217","https://openalex.org/W2984968802","https://openalex.org/W4295886324","https://openalex.org/W4297497494","https://openalex.org/W4313197156","https://openalex.org/W4316466961","https://openalex.org/W4394604593","https://openalex.org/W4399027165","https://openalex.org/W4409359881","https://openalex.org/W4410521108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214919176","https://openalex.org/W4407280928","https://openalex.org/W4415996584","https://openalex.org/W4401622582","https://openalex.org/W4307112828","https://openalex.org/W7213657523","https://openalex.org/W7131084682","https://openalex.org/W6912148467","https://openalex.org/W3109770042","https://openalex.org/W2916818843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim":[0],"and":[1,11,29,51,61,77,168,186,210],"background:":[2],"Sleep":[3],"is":[4,197,201],"a":[5,46,73,151],"biological":[6],"necessity":[7],"essential":[8],"for":[9],"physical":[10],"mental":[12],"well-being,":[13],"yet":[14],"many":[15],"young":[16],"adults,":[17],"particularly":[18],"college":[19],"students,":[20],"experience":[21],"sleep":[22,31,224],"disruptions":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,35,158],"major":[26],"life":[27],"changes":[28],"poor":[30],"hygiene.This":[32],"study":[33,55],"aimed":[34],"identify":[36],"the":[37,78,120,130,136,193,221],"determinants":[38],"of":[39,49,115,133,170,181,195,223],"insomnia":[40,79,118,154,196],"among":[41],"undergraduate":[42,66],"female":[43,67],"students":[44,92,219],"in":[45,119],"rural":[47],"area":[48],"Haryana.Materials":[50],"methods:":[52],"A":[53],"mixed-method":[54],"was":[56,99,122,135],"conducted":[57],"between":[58],"May":[59,62],"2024":[60],"2025":[63],"involving":[64],"340":[65],"students.Quantitative":[68],"data":[69],"were":[70,84],"collected":[71],"using":[72,101],"semi-structured":[74],"socio-demographic":[75,140],"questionnaire":[76],"severity":[80],"index":[81],"(ISI).Qualitative":[82],"insights":[83],"gathered":[85],"through":[86],"in-depth":[87],"interviews":[88],"(IDI)":[89],"with":[90,94,106],"15":[91],"identified":[93],"clinically":[95,116],"significant":[96,117,139,174],"insomnia.Statistical":[97],"analysis":[98,127],"performed":[100],"SPSS":[102],"software":[103],"version":[104],"26,":[105],"significance":[107],"set":[108],"at":[109],"p":[110],"<":[111],"0.05.Results:":[112],"The":[113],"prevalence":[114,155,194],"cohort":[121],"5.6%":[123],"(n":[124],"=":[125,143],"19).Quantitative":[126],"revealed":[128],"that":[129],"participant's":[131],"state":[132],"origin":[134],"only":[137],"statistically":[138],"determinant":[141],"(p":[142],"0.031).Students":[144],"from":[145,160],"states":[146],"other":[147],"than":[148],"Haryana":[149,161],"reported":[150],"significantly":[152,202],"higher":[153],"(12.5%)":[156],"compared":[157],"those":[159],"(4.2%).Factors":[162],"such":[163],"as":[164,189,218],"age,":[165],"socio-economic":[166],"status,":[167],"type":[169],"occupancy":[171],"showed":[172],"no":[173],"correlation.Qualitative":[175],"themes":[176],"highlighted":[177],"academic":[178,205],"performance,":[179],"overuse":[180],"electronic":[182],"devices,":[183],"social":[184],"environment,":[185],"psycho-social":[187],"stress":[188],"primary":[190],"triggers.Conclusion:":[191],"While":[192],"relatively":[198],"low,":[199],"it":[200],"driven":[203],"by":[204],"transitions,":[206],"excessive":[207],"screen":[208],"time,":[209],"communal":[211],"living":[212],"challenges.A":[213],"notable":[214],"awareness-action":[215],"gap":[216],"exists,":[217],"recognize":[220],"importance":[222],"but":[225],"prefer":[226],"self-management":[227],"or":[228],"mindfulness":[229],"over":[230],"professional":[231],"clinical":[232],"help.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}