{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224490833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","title":"Prophetic Pulpit or Hate Speech: The Limits of Criminalising Christian Preaching under Articles 300\u2013301 of the Indonesian Criminal Code","display_name":"Prophetic Pulpit or Hate Speech: The Limits of Criminalising Christian Preaching under Articles 300\u2013301 of the Indonesian Criminal Code","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224490833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","pdf_url":"https://e-journal.unimudasorong.ac.id/index.php/Equalitybeforethelaw/article/download/6648/2555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407032998","display_name":"Equality Before The Law","issn_l":"2808-0998","issn":["2808-0998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259777","host_organization_name":"Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259777"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equality Before The Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://e-journal.unimudasorong.ac.id/index.php/Equalitybeforethelaw/article/download/6648/2555","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160105527","display_name":"Daniel Parhorasan Tambunan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193621155","display_name":"Indonesia Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zwesg40","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193621155"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Parhorasan Tambunan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Terbuka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Terbuka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193621155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159792980","display_name":"Darwance Darwance","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193621155","display_name":"Indonesia Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zwesg40","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193621155"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darwance Darwance","raw_affiliation_strings":["Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Terbuka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Terbuka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193621155"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193621155"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91711043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"240","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.6693999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.6693999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.2101999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.08590000122785568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-hate-speech","display_name":"religious hate speech","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian-criminal-code","display_name":"Indonesian Criminal Code","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-freedom","display_name":"religious freedom","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-discrimination","display_name":"religious discrimination","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proportionality-test","display_name":"proportionality test","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prophetic-criticism","display_name":"prophetic criticism","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-information-and-transactions-law","display_name":"Electronic Information and Transactions Law","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-court","display_name":"constitutional courts","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homiletics","display_name":"homiletics","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mens-rea","display_name":"criminal intent","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.7056000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781394664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19705","display_name":"Criminal code","level":3,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5177000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776341074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211775","display_name":"Pulpit","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504945742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal procedure","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779572086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q480498","display_name":"Impeachment","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779204856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779439","display_name":"Statutory interpretation","level":3,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327018","display_name":"Interrogation","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497143","display_name":"Legal culture","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778645526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32766","display_name":"Constitutional court","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521078695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4180175","display_name":"Legal practice","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117660856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964968","display_name":"Criminal investigation","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","pdf_url":"https://e-journal.unimudasorong.ac.id/index.php/Equalitybeforethelaw/article/download/6648/2555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407032998","display_name":"Equality Before The Law","issn_l":"2808-0998","issn":["2808-0998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259777","host_organization_name":"Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259777"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equality Before The Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-journal.unimudasorong.ac.id:article/6648","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://e-journal.unimudasorong.ac.id/index.php/Equalitybeforethelaw/article/view/6648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407032998","display_name":"Equality Before The Law","issn_l":"2808-0998","issn":["2808-0998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259777","host_organization_name":"Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259777"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.36232/ebl.v6i3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36232/ebl.v6i3.6648","pdf_url":"https://e-journal.unimudasorong.ac.id/index.php/Equalitybeforethelaw/article/download/6648/2555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407032998","display_name":"Equality Before The Law","issn_l":"2808-0998","issn":["2808-0998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259777","host_organization_name":"Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259777"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equality Before The Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224490833.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224490833.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888509663","https://openalex.org/W2980536865","https://openalex.org/W3085267552","https://openalex.org/W3112992429","https://openalex.org/W4289519791","https://openalex.org/W4308248880","https://openalex.org/W4308748700","https://openalex.org/W4367052491","https://openalex.org/W4381940976","https://openalex.org/W4385584100","https://openalex.org/W4386078282","https://openalex.org/W4388044495","https://openalex.org/W4391715310","https://openalex.org/W7172429254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212378780","https://openalex.org/W7220367662","https://openalex.org/W4390615489","https://openalex.org/W7204996245","https://openalex.org/W4409855814","https://openalex.org/W7130932182","https://openalex.org/W4392363365","https://openalex.org/W7223827732","https://openalex.org/W7172275681","https://openalex.org/W4413795554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,121,142,185],"Indonesian":[1],"National":[2],"Criminal":[3,93],"Code,":[4],"which":[5,44],"came":[6],"into":[7,67],"effect":[8],"on":[9,25,48,164,182],"2":[10],"January":[11],"2026,":[12,43],"establishes":[13],"a":[14,68,174,180,188],"more":[15],"explicit":[16],"connection":[17],"between":[18,78],"religious":[19,213],"preaching":[20,82],"and":[21,60,83,107,118,149,156,168],"the":[22,33,62,75,92,146,152,165],"criminal":[23,140],"restrictions":[24],"religion-related":[26],"hate":[27],"speech.":[28],"problem":[30],"intensified":[31],"following":[32],"amendment":[34],"of":[35,42,91,159],"Article":[36,183],"300":[37],"by":[38],"Law":[39,170],"No.":[40],"1":[41],"focused":[45],"legal":[46,70,76,98],"safeguards":[47],"individuals":[49],"or":[50,58,132,209],"groups":[51,214],"discriminated":[52],"against":[53],"due":[54],"to":[55,138],"their":[56],"religion":[57],"belief,":[59],"transformed":[61],"exclusion":[63],"in":[64,88],"paragraph":[65],"(2)":[66],"clear":[69],"standard.":[71],"This":[72],"research":[73,99,122,186],"investigates":[74],"demarcation":[77],"safeguarded":[79],"Christian":[80],"prophetic":[81,200],"punishable":[84],"speech":[85],"as":[86,173,191],"delineated":[87],"Articles":[89,196],"300\u2013301":[90],"Code.":[94],"It":[95],"utilizes":[96],"normative-interdisciplinary":[97],"via":[100,114],"statutory,":[101],"conceptual,":[102],"case":[103],"law,":[104],"human":[105],"rights,":[106],"prophetic-theological":[108],"methodologies.":[109],"Legal":[110],"documents":[111],"are":[112],"analyzed":[113],"grammatical,":[115],"systematic,":[116],"constitutional,":[117],"prescriptive":[119],"interpretations.":[120],"concludes":[123],"that":[124,207],"doctrinal":[125],"critique,":[126],"theological":[127],"exclusivity,":[128],"severe":[129],"homiletic":[130],"rhetoric,":[131],"simple":[133],"offense":[134],"do":[135],"not":[136],"suffice":[137],"impose":[139],"responsibility.":[141],"proposed":[143],"interpretation":[144],"examines":[145],"statutory":[147],"conduct":[148],"intent":[150],"alongside":[151],"target,":[153],"context,":[154],"reach,":[155],"realistic":[157],"risk":[158],"harm.":[160],"Constitutional":[161],"Court":[162],"reasoning":[163],"Electronic":[166],"Information":[167],"Transactions":[169],"is":[171],"used":[172],"limited":[175],"interpretive":[176],"reference":[177],"rather":[178],"than":[179],"ruling":[181],"300.":[184],"introduces":[187],"Prophetic-Proportionality":[189],"Test":[190],"an":[192],"interpretative":[193],"framework":[194],"for":[195,205],"300\u2013301,":[197],"maintaining":[198],"strong":[199],"critique":[201],"while":[202],"rejecting":[203],"protection":[204],"pulpits":[206],"dehumanize":[208],"incite":[210],"animosity":[211],"toward":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
