{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224445090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","title":"Assessing Ecological Spatial Resilience Using the Pressure\u2013State\u2013Response Framework: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China","display_name":"Assessing Ecological Spatial Resilience Using the Pressure\u2013State\u2013Response Framework: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224445090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160075391","display_name":"An Qi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124040902","display_name":"Guangying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5621-7985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5621-7985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5621-7985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102203876","display_name":"Jusheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7897-7117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7897-7117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jusheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7897-7117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124040902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74978564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2064","last_page":"2064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13909","display_name":"Environmental Quality and Pollution","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-state-response-framework","display_name":"pressure-state-response model","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-ecological-restoration","display_name":"urban ecological restoration","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-connectivity","display_name":"ecosystem connectivity","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restoration-potential","display_name":"restoration potential","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shenzhen","display_name":"Shenzhen","score":0.8610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78437154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2428433","display_name":"Restoration ecology","level":2,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.45339998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295872","display_name":"Ecological systems theory","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659234","display_name":"Harmony (color)","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779720641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105196","display_name":"Ecological resilience","level":3,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780039742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900159","display_name":"Urban resilience","level":3,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775917145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680750","display_name":"Adaptive management","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130094819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333882","display_name":"Ecosystem management","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72875592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7552762","display_name":"Socio-ecological system","level":3,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778934450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154930","display_name":"DPSIR","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8787999749183655,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjzgn92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W915326106","https://openalex.org/W1934958791","https://openalex.org/W1965036429","https://openalex.org/W1971345277","https://openalex.org/W1976759885","https://openalex.org/W1997748421","https://openalex.org/W2007770323","https://openalex.org/W2013897292","https://openalex.org/W2037870018","https://openalex.org/W2043821949","https://openalex.org/W2060464767","https://openalex.org/W2065329875","https://openalex.org/W2085316093","https://openalex.org/W2091202128","https://openalex.org/W2099526933","https://openalex.org/W2116819397","https://openalex.org/W2121828008","https://openalex.org/W2127569725","https://openalex.org/W2141694916","https://openalex.org/W2151489194","https://openalex.org/W2154773800","https://openalex.org/W2156520949","https://openalex.org/W2162348455","https://openalex.org/W2171497630","https://openalex.org/W2274815048","https://openalex.org/W2315098218","https://openalex.org/W2724298042","https://openalex.org/W2757830737","https://openalex.org/W2767391844","https://openalex.org/W2901364863","https://openalex.org/W2940293247","https://openalex.org/W3018968758","https://openalex.org/W3047203175","https://openalex.org/W3088177168","https://openalex.org/W3094159202","https://openalex.org/W3109009321","https://openalex.org/W3115927557","https://openalex.org/W3122652828","https://openalex.org/W3122669587","https://openalex.org/W3139116689","https://openalex.org/W3162048596","https://openalex.org/W3181347510","https://openalex.org/W3201144867","https://openalex.org/W4200054152","https://openalex.org/W4200250537","https://openalex.org/W4213386705","https://openalex.org/W4220795634","https://openalex.org/W4283378697","https://openalex.org/W4313640627","https://openalex.org/W4381682268","https://openalex.org/W4385544821","https://openalex.org/W4389199961","https://openalex.org/W4391051315","https://openalex.org/W4402045882","https://openalex.org/W4402713079","https://openalex.org/W4408941491","https://openalex.org/W7125801032","https://openalex.org/W7170535998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408941491","https://openalex.org/W4377104350","https://openalex.org/W3216154636","https://openalex.org/W7168342243","https://openalex.org/W7124722488","https://openalex.org/W4366776732","https://openalex.org/W7203714750","https://openalex.org/W7131243961","https://openalex.org/W4401760996","https://openalex.org/W4399914669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"adaptive":[1],"cycle":[2],"theory":[3,161],"with":[4,53,162,187],"the":[5,54,152,156,182],"Pressure\u2013State\u2013Response":[6],"(PSR)":[7],"framework,":[8],"this":[9,40],"study":[10],"proposes":[11],"a":[12,34,36,45,116,170],"Risk\u2013Connectivity\u2013Potential":[13],"(RCP)":[14],"model":[15],"to":[16,25,67,75,94,99,106],"assess":[17],"ecological":[18],"spatial":[19],"resilience":[20,92,160,178],"in":[21,91,145],"Shenzhen":[22],"from":[23,64,72],"2000":[24],"2025\u2014an":[26],"area":[27],"that":[28,175],"underwent":[29],"exceptionally":[30],"rapid":[31],"transformation":[32],"into":[33],"megacity,":[35],"distinctive":[37],"feature":[38],"of":[39,48,119],"study.":[41],"The":[42,88,111,141,166],"results":[43],"reveal":[44],"nonlinear":[46],"trajectory":[47],"\u201cdecline\u2013partial":[49],"recovery\u2013renewed":[50],"decline\u2013low-level":[51],"endpoint\u201d,":[52],"mean":[55],"RCPi":[56],"decreasing":[57],"by":[58],"91.7%.":[59],"Spatially,":[60],"pressure":[61,108],"risk":[62,109],"expanded":[63],"built-up":[65],"cores":[66],"urban":[68],"fringes,":[69],"connectivity":[70,101],"shifted":[71],"peripheral":[73],"patches":[74],"central":[76],"hubs,":[77],"and":[78,102,137,155,180],"restoration":[79,103,190],"potential":[80],"declined":[81,179],"at":[82],"urban\u2013ecological":[83],"interfaces":[84],"while":[85],"improving":[86],"locally.":[87],"overall":[89],"decrease":[90],"appears":[93],"be":[95],"more":[96],"closely":[97],"linked":[98],"deteriorating":[100],"capacity":[104],"than":[105],"rising":[107],"alone.":[110],"coordination":[112],"analysis":[113],"further":[114],"indicates":[115],"progressive":[117],"worsening":[118],"ecosystem":[120],"functional":[121],"harmony":[122],"over":[123],"time.":[124],"A":[125],"differentiated":[126,172],"management":[127],"strategy":[128],"is":[129,169],"subsequently":[130],"developed":[131],"based":[132],"on":[133],"temporal":[134],"trend,":[135],"fluctuation,":[136],"component-specific":[138],"diagnostic":[139],"patterns.":[140],"theoretical":[142],"contribution":[143,168],"lies":[144],"establishing":[146],"an":[147],"explicit":[148],"operational":[149],"correspondence":[150],"between":[151],"PSR":[153],"framework":[154,174],"RCP":[157],"model,":[158],"linking":[159],"spatially":[163,171],"measurable":[164],"indicators.":[165],"practical":[167],"assessment":[173],"identifies":[176],"where":[177],"whether":[181],"observed":[183],"pattern":[184],"was":[185],"associated":[186],"pressure,":[188],"connectivity,":[189],"potential,":[191],"or":[192],"imbalance":[193],"among":[194],"these":[195],"dimensions.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}