{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224434617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1973798x261503923","title":"Examining the literature on school-based nutrition in the republic of Malta: A scoping review","display_name":"Examining the literature on school-based nutrition in the republic of Malta: A scoping review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224434617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1973798x261503923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1973798x261503923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1973798x261503923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1973798x261503923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174449530","display_name":"Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","issn_l":"1973-798X","issn":["1973-798X","1973-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021216739","display_name":"Basil Hassan Aboul-Enein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4957-2136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4957-2136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100633361","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/00fzmm222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Basil H Aboul-Enein","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, College of Arts & Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4957-2136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, College of Arts & Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027130125","display_name":"Nada Benajiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-7626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-7626"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Benajiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["RDC-Nutrition AFRA/IAEA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RDC-Nutrition AFRA/IAEA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052682453","display_name":"Suha Ballout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-1218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-1218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suha Ballout","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103965767","display_name":"Patricia J. Kelly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia J Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thomas Jefferson University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomas Jefferson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089559389","display_name":"Laura E. Coats","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura E Coats","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University, College of Human Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University, College of Human Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021216739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100633361","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89376091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12831","display_name":"School Health and Nursing Education","score":0.0357000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-obesity","display_name":"childhood obesity","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-overweight","display_name":"childhood overweight","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition-education","display_name":"nutrition education","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-based-intervention","display_name":"school-based intervention","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-involvement","display_name":"parental involvement","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions","display_name":"teacher perceptions","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-assessment-tools","display_name":"dietary assessment tools","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicomponent-intervention","display_name":"multicomponent intervention","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-food-environment","display_name":"school food environment","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malta","display_name":"Malta","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775911240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9166","display_name":"Maltese","level":2,"score":0.7348999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7070501","display_name":"Nutrition Education","level":2,"score":0.6122999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779422640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241451","display_name":"Childhood obesity","level":4,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7070517","display_name":"Nutrition transition","level":4,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148257392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2358629","display_name":"Clinical nutrition","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778962194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47564","display_name":"Mediterranean diet","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61904560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148359","display_name":"Grey literature","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1973798x261503923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1973798x261503923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1973798x261503923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174449530","display_name":"Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","issn_l":"1973-798X","issn":["1973-798X","1973-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487092189","https://openalex.org/W1903212728","https://openalex.org/W1989069500","https://openalex.org/W1996661765","https://openalex.org/W2075950485","https://openalex.org/W2109184532","https://openalex.org/W2113262758","https://openalex.org/W2119213569","https://openalex.org/W2161643046","https://openalex.org/W2163710303","https://openalex.org/W2180987177","https://openalex.org/W2528912446","https://openalex.org/W2549210957","https://openalex.org/W2559850143","https://openalex.org/W2738982367","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2912842935","https://openalex.org/W2917695060","https://openalex.org/W2967813008","https://openalex.org/W3040940032","https://openalex.org/W3092419658","https://openalex.org/W3187791940","https://openalex.org/W3194235315","https://openalex.org/W3211256038","https://openalex.org/W4220813395","https://openalex.org/W4284699693","https://openalex.org/W4391774374","https://openalex.org/W4401021846","https://openalex.org/W4408153420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W815318118","https://openalex.org/W2528912446","https://openalex.org/W7203462038","https://openalex.org/W7034269524","https://openalex.org/W7101385490","https://openalex.org/W2588717594","https://openalex.org/W2585933341","https://openalex.org/W2319543995","https://openalex.org/W2549210957","https://openalex.org/W3028647086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Malta":[1,42,253],"has":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,36,192,206,277,292],"the":[5,32,67,71,132,186,193,204,274],"highest":[6],"rates":[7],"childhood":[9],"overweight":[10],"and":[11,28,34,55,70,73,90,128,153,159,172,182,189,201,220,234,258,267,290,296],"obesity":[12],"in":[13,41,63,98,103,179,252,256],"Europe":[14],"despite":[15],"its":[16],"Mediterranean":[17],"setting":[18,24],".":[19],"Schools":[20],"provide":[21],"an":[22],"important":[23,268],"for":[25,85,236,245],"nutrition":[26,38,62,96,150,165,222,250,279,294],"promotion":[27],"overweight/obesity":[29],"prevention.":[30],"However,":[31],"scope":[33,257],"characteristics":[35],"school-based":[37,61,95,160],"research":[39,101,251,282],"conducted":[40,80],"have":[43],"not":[44,272],"been":[45],"comprehensively":[46],"mapped.":[47],"Thus,":[48],"this":[49,104],"scoping":[50,77,120],"review":[51,78,105,121],"aims":[52],"to":[53,93,231],"map":[54],"describe":[56],"peer-reviewed":[57],"studies":[58,97,124,136,194,263,291],"that":[59,130],"examine":[60],"Malta.":[64,99],"Methods":[65],"Using":[66],"PRISMA-ScR":[68],"guidelines":[69],"Arksey":[72],"O\u2019Malley":[74],"framework,":[75],"a":[76],"was":[79],"across":[81],"14":[82],"academic":[83],"databases":[84],"literature":[86],"published":[87,125],"between":[88,126],"2000":[89],"March":[91],"2026":[92],"identify":[94,264],"Eligible":[100],"included":[102,262],"examined":[106],"nutrition-related":[107],"activities":[108],"or":[109,116,142],"outcomes":[110],"involving":[111],"Maltese":[112,237],"school-aged":[113],"children,":[114,238],"parents,":[115],"educators.":[117],"Results":[118],"This":[119],"identified":[122,211],"nine":[123],"2011":[127],"2024":[129],"met":[131],"inclusion":[133],"criteria.":[134],"Most":[135],"were":[137,229],"cross-sectional,":[138],"pilot,":[139],"feasibility,":[140],"quasi-experimental,":[141],"pre-post":[143],"designs.":[144],"Research":[145],"addressed":[146],"dietary":[147,180,226],"assessment":[148,227],"tools,":[149],"education,":[151],"parental":[152,170],"teacher":[154],"perspectives,":[155],"lifestyle":[156],"behaviors,":[157],"supplementation,":[158],"interventions.":[161],"Multicomponent":[162],"interventions":[163],"integrating":[164],"education":[166],"with":[167,197],"environmental":[168],"modifications,":[169],"involvement,":[171],"physical":[173],"activity":[174],"reported":[175],"some":[176],"favorable":[177],"changes":[178],"intake":[181],"body":[183],"composition;":[184],"however,":[185],"small":[187],"number":[188],"varied":[190],"designs":[191],"limit":[195],"comparisons":[196],"single-component":[198],"approaches.":[199],"Parents":[200],"educators":[202],"recognized":[203],"importance":[205],"healthy":[207],"school":[208,278,293],"environments":[209],"but":[210,270],"barriers":[212],"including":[213],"unhealthy":[214],"food":[215,297],"availability,":[216],"limited":[217,255],"educational":[218],"resources,":[219],"insufficient":[221],"training.":[223],"Culturally":[224],"adapted":[225],"tools":[228],"found":[230],"be":[232,243],"feasible":[233],"appropriate":[235],"although":[239],"additional":[240],"refinement":[241],"may":[242],"needed":[244],"large-scale":[246],"surveillance.":[247],"Conclusions":[248],"School-based":[249],"remains":[254],"study":[259],"design.":[260],"The":[261],"promising":[265],"approaches":[266],"gaps,":[269],"do":[271],"establish":[273],"comparative":[275],"effectiveness":[276],"strategies.":[280],"Future":[281],"should":[283],"prioritize":[284],"rigorous":[285],"intervention":[286],"trials,":[287],"longitudinal":[288],"evaluations,":[289],"policies":[295],"environments.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}