{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224420231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","title":"Molecular Detection of Esp and qnrA Genes in Biofilm-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Proteus mirabilis from Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria","display_name":"Molecular Detection of Esp and qnrA Genes in Biofilm-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Proteus mirabilis from Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224420231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224951","display_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","issn_l":"2456-7116","issn":["2456-7116"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160150157","display_name":"A. U. Abdullahi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. U. Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160094806","display_name":"A. Umar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Umar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159927269","display_name":"A. Magaji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252547","display_name":"Federal University of Health Sciences Azare","ror":"https://ror.org/0005yy970","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252547"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Magaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Azare (FUHSA), Bauchi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Azare (FUHSA), Bauchi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252547"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135512227","display_name":"Z. M. Kabeer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. M. Kabeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology Department, School of Science, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology Department, School of Science, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088058264","display_name":"S. Ismai\u2019l","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ismai\u2019l","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089278573","display_name":"Titus Inusa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Inusa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159969307","display_name":"Y. Saheed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130046622","display_name":"Yobe State University","ror":"https://ror.org/005ywxj74","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130046622"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Saheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130046622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150050008","display_name":"F. M. Ado","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8033065","display_name":"University of Abuja","ror":"https://ror.org/007e69832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8033065"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.M. Ado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8033065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159935981","display_name":"A. Usman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154470","display_name":"Kashim Ibrahim University","ror":"https://ror.org/024ygae04","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154470"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64351976","display_name":"University of Maiduguri","ror":"https://ror.org/016na8197","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing Science, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing Science, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154470","https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159746399","display_name":"A. B. Zamo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252547","display_name":"Federal University of Health Sciences Azare","ror":"https://ror.org/0005yy970","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252547"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. B. Zamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences Teaching Hospital, Azare (FUHSTHA), Bauchi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences Teaching Hospital, Azare (FUHSTHA), Bauchi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252547"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045251416","display_name":"IDRIS Omenesa Mustapha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Mustapha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Technicians, Galtima Mai Kyari College of Health Technology, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technicians, Galtima Mai Kyari College of Health Technology, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159911595","display_name":"H. S. Musa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. S. Musa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Health Insurance Authority, Bauchi State Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Health Insurance Authority, Bauchi State Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108826098","display_name":"Mahmud Yerima Iliyasu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1147-1151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1147-1151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Y. Iliyasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101471069","display_name":"U. S. Abdullahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-659X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-659X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. S. Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110286320","display_name":"A. F. Umar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. F. Umar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85215839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"141","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.2168000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteus-mirabilis","display_name":"Proteus mirabilis","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infection","display_name":"catheter-associated urinary tract infection","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm-formation","display_name":"biofilm formation","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistance","display_name":"multidrug resistance","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esp-gene","display_name":"esp gene","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quinolone-resistance","display_name":"quinolone resistance","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoroquinolone-resistance","display_name":"fluoroquinolone resistance","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ampicillin-resistance","display_name":"ampicillin resistance","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cefotaxime-resistance","display_name":"cefotaxime resistance","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistance","display_name":"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-catheter-care","display_name":"urinary catheter care","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bauchi-nigeria","display_name":"Bauchi, Nigeria","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infections","display_name":"nosocomial infections","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778039505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311273","display_name":"Proteus mirabilis","level":4,"score":0.9642999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776968632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808845","display_name":"Ceftazidime","level":4,"score":0.6848999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417968","display_name":"Cefotaxime","level":3,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8185291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2844457","display_name":"Amplicon","level":4,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779708577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201928","display_name":"Amoxicillin","level":3,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909657710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132229","display_name":"Proteus Infections","level":5,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779464495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132229","display_name":"Proteus","level":4,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781267111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652297","display_name":"Catheter","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776021129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244150","display_name":"Ampicillin","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138981284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19035","display_name":"Cloaca","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778512257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256602","display_name":"Ciprofloxacin","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781065037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150839","display_name":"Salmonella","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224951","display_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","issn_l":"2456-7116","issn":["2456-7116"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journaljamb.com:article/1221","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journaljamb.com/index.php/JAMB/article/view/1221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224951","display_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","issn_l":"2456-7116","issn":["2456-7116"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2456-7116","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05844941v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05844941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 2026, 26 (11), pp.141-149","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2026/v26i111221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224951","display_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","issn_l":"2456-7116","issn":["2456-7116"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200476381","https://openalex.org/W4399307737","https://openalex.org/W4410765849","https://openalex.org/W4404504491","https://openalex.org/W873155100","https://openalex.org/W3170722283","https://openalex.org/W179393606","https://openalex.org/W4412950404","https://openalex.org/W6939805512","https://openalex.org/W4409437510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,35,40,73,82,92,103,134,147,180,207,220,237,258],"Aims:":[2],"Catheter-associated":[3],"urinary":[4],"tract":[5],"infections":[6],"may":[7],"involve":[8],"multidrug-resistant":[9],"(MDR)":[10],"Proteus":[11],"mirabilis":[12,45,129,228,234],"capable":[13],"of":[14,38,139,161],"biofilm":[15,33,111],"formation.":[16,112],"Molecular":[17],"data":[18],"on":[19,184],"such":[20],"isolates":[21,116,140,156,167,196,229],"in":[22,43,204,209,245],"Bauchi":[23,76],"Metropolis,":[24],"Nigeria,":[25],"are":[26],"limited.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"investigated":[30],"antimicrobial":[31,100,256],"resistance,":[32],"formation":[34],"PCR":[36],"detection":[37],"esp-targeted":[39],"qnrA":[41,208,238],"amplicons":[42,239],"P.":[44,128,227,233],"from":[46,60,132,143,148],"catheterised":[47,61,243],"patients.":[48],"Methods:":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"cross-sectional,":[52],"laboratory-based":[53],"study,":[54],"227":[55],"urine":[56],"specimens":[57],"were":[58,86,127,240],"collected":[59],"inpatients":[62],"at":[63],"Abubakar":[64],"Tafawa":[65],"Balewa":[66],"University":[67],"Teaching":[68],"Hospital":[69,75],"(n":[70,77],"=":[71,78],"130)":[72],"Specialist":[74],"97)":[79],"between":[80],"January":[81],"July":[83],"2025.":[84],"Isolates":[85],"identified":[87],"using":[88],"culture":[89],"characteristics,":[90],"microscopy":[91],"biochemical":[93],"tests.":[94],"Disc":[95],"diffusion":[96],"was":[97,107,141,202],"used":[98,108],"for":[99,252],"susceptibility":[101],"testing,":[102],"the":[104,192,217,250],"tube":[105],"method":[106],"to":[109,171,198,216,224,261],"assess":[110],"Five":[113],"MDR,":[114],"biofilm-producing":[115,194,232],"underwent":[117],"conventional":[118],"PCR.":[119],"Results:":[120],"Among":[121,191],"173":[122],"microbial":[123],"isolates,":[124],"12":[125,226],"(6.9%)":[126],"(six":[130],"each":[131],"ATBUTH":[133],"SHB).":[135],"A":[136],"higher":[137],"proportion":[138],"recovered":[142,157],"female":[144],"patients":[145,149,244],"(58.3%)":[146],"aged":[150],"\u226560":[151],"years":[152],"(83.3%),":[153],"with":[154,235],"more":[155],"following":[158],"longer":[159],"durations":[160],"catheterisation":[162],"(\u226530":[163],"days:":[164],"33.3%).":[165],"The":[166],"showed":[168],"high":[169],"resistance":[170],"amoxicillin":[172],"(66.7-100%),":[173,179],"cefotaxime":[174],"(83.3-100%),":[175],"ceftazidime":[176],"(66.7-83.3%),":[177],"cotrimoxazole":[178],"fluoroquinolones":[181],"(66.6-100%)":[182],"based":[183],"hospital-specific":[185],"denominators":[186],"(ATBUTH":[187],"n=6,":[188],"SHB":[189],"n=6).":[190],"five":[193],"MDR":[195],"subjected":[197],"molecular":[199],"analysis,":[200],"Esp":[201],"detected":[203,241],"5/5":[205],"(100%)":[206],"4/5":[210],"(80.0%).":[211],"These":[212,247],"results":[213],"apply":[214],"only":[215],"tested":[218],"subset":[219],"cannot":[221],"be":[222],"generalised":[223],"all":[225],"Conclusion:":[230],"Multidrug-resistant,":[231],"Esp-targeted":[236],"among":[242],"Bauchi.":[246],"findings":[248],"underscore":[249],"need":[251],"strengthened":[253],"catheter":[254],"care,":[255],"stewardship":[257],"continued":[259],"surveillance":[260],"control":[262],"CAUTIs.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}