{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224405754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","title":"Persistent free radicals on biochar surfaces redirect straw-derived carbon toward mineral-associated organic matter","display_name":"Persistent free radicals on biochar surfaces redirect straw-derived carbon toward mineral-associated organic matter","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224405754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190674","display_name":"Biochar","issn_l":"2524-7867","issn":["2524-7867","2524-7972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochar","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121229701","display_name":"Dan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-0388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-0388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124606","display_name":"Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/02aee5m12","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101004875","display_name":"Jiao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-2319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-2319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124606","display_name":"Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/02aee5m12","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160069499","display_name":"Xiangxiang Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangxiang Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160066286","display_name":"Xinliang Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124606","display_name":"Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/02aee5m12","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinliang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160084715","display_name":"Ping Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124606","display_name":"Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/02aee5m12","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160129714","display_name":"Yuming Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124606","display_name":"Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/02aee5m12","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160108095","display_name":"Zhenhua Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012109715","display_name":"Shuping Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-9709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-9709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124606","display_name":"Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/02aee5m12","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuping Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-9709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012109715","https://openalex.org/A5160066286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124606"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81185575,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14054","display_name":"Humic Substances and Bio-Organic Studies","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-free-radicals","display_name":"persistent free radicals","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-associated-organic-matter","display_name":"mineral-associated organic matter","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-sequestration","display_name":"carbon sequestration","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.7645000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48743137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121","display_name":"Organic matter","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2808000147342682}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190674","display_name":"Biochar","issn_l":"2524-7867","issn":["2524-7867","2524-7972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochar","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:85101f1830b240adb15ca848a9dcdd96","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/85101f1830b240adb15ca848a9dcdd96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Biochar, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-026-00658-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190674","display_name":"Biochar","issn_l":"2524-7867","issn":["2524-7867","2524-7972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochar","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.807699978351593,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.685699999332428,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3278872159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D2026503016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9001221991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42507446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224405754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224405754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476478267","https://openalex.org/W1968546690","https://openalex.org/W2066797583","https://openalex.org/W2100823863","https://openalex.org/W2279675847","https://openalex.org/W2557800876","https://openalex.org/W2574346243","https://openalex.org/W2896688765","https://openalex.org/W2917129004","https://openalex.org/W2934677464","https://openalex.org/W2969724269","https://openalex.org/W3011218019","https://openalex.org/W3019801543","https://openalex.org/W3037770089","https://openalex.org/W3046382148","https://openalex.org/W3093824168","https://openalex.org/W3098619555","https://openalex.org/W3119787492","https://openalex.org/W3129717177","https://openalex.org/W3207215653","https://openalex.org/W4220754399","https://openalex.org/W4221102947","https://openalex.org/W4223499943","https://openalex.org/W4285301297","https://openalex.org/W4285404220","https://openalex.org/W4285492288","https://openalex.org/W4290567065","https://openalex.org/W4294266819","https://openalex.org/W4361803592","https://openalex.org/W4385612626","https://openalex.org/W4387615787","https://openalex.org/W4388996120","https://openalex.org/W4392195684","https://openalex.org/W4392297546","https://openalex.org/W4393216124","https://openalex.org/W4396841381","https://openalex.org/W4401679428","https://openalex.org/W4404779103","https://openalex.org/W4405915681","https://openalex.org/W4408199101","https://openalex.org/W4408918759","https://openalex.org/W4410481139","https://openalex.org/W4410484375","https://openalex.org/W4411023547","https://openalex.org/W4411023713","https://openalex.org/W4412431953","https://openalex.org/W4415755984","https://openalex.org/W7125397503","https://openalex.org/W7136324476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2567044493","https://openalex.org/W2975284810","https://openalex.org/W3011890833","https://openalex.org/W3006436980","https://openalex.org/W3140044070","https://openalex.org/W7067999872","https://openalex.org/W4401793691","https://openalex.org/W2254360200","https://openalex.org/W7215840060","https://openalex.org/W1473909934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Returning":[0],"crop":[1],"residues":[2],"to":[3,52,137,145],"soil":[4,11,90,141,206],"is":[5],"a":[6,70,197,210],"central":[7],"strategy":[8],"for":[9,213],"increasing":[10,106,126],"organic":[12,123],"carbon":[13,28,55,103,108,114,131,185,207,218],"(SOC),":[14],"yet":[15],"whether":[16],"biochar-associated":[17],"persistent":[18],"free":[19],"radicals":[20],"(PFRs)":[21],"actively":[22],"regulate":[23],"the":[24,74,85,127],"stabilization":[25],"of":[26,129],"residue-derived":[27,54],"remains":[29],"unresolved.":[30],"Here,":[31],"graded":[32],"PFR":[33],"activities":[34],"were":[35],"generated":[36],"by":[37,187],"selective":[38],"radical":[39,66],"quenching":[40],"while":[41],"maintaining":[42],"similar":[43],"biochar":[44,201],"physicochemical":[45],"properties,":[46],"and":[47,79,91,142,205],"13C-labeled":[48],"straw":[49,102,134],"was":[50],"used":[51],"trace":[53],"dynamics":[56],"in":[57,69,88,139,147],"two":[58],"contrasting":[59],"agricultural":[60],"soils.":[61],"Biochar":[62],"PFRs":[63,156,178],"enhanced":[64,217],"hydroxyl":[65],"(\u00b7OH)":[67],"production":[68],"dose-dependent":[71],"manner,":[72],"with":[73,191,216],"highest-PFR":[75],"treatment":[76],"generating":[77],"6.1-":[78],"18.1-fold":[80],"higher":[81],"\u00b7OH":[82],"levels":[83],"than":[84,181],"straw-only":[86],"control":[87],"black":[89,140],"fluvo-aquic":[92,148],"soil,":[93],"respectively.":[94],"This":[95,194],"abiotic":[96,189],"oxidation":[97,190],"accelerated":[98],"early-stage":[99],"(0\u201314":[100],"d)":[101],"mineralization":[104],"without":[105],"net":[107],"loss.":[109],"Instead,":[110],"it":[111],"redirected":[112],"straw-derived":[113,184],"toward":[115],"aromatic":[116],"intermediates":[117],"that":[118,155,176],"preferentially":[119],"accumulated":[120],"as":[121,170],"mineral-associated":[122],"matter":[124],"(MAOM),":[125],"proportion":[128],"MAOM":[130,158],"derived":[132],"from":[133,135,143],"59.4%":[136],"64.2%":[138],"53.8%":[144],"60.0%":[146],"soil.":[149],"Structural":[150],"equation":[151],"modeling":[152],"further":[153],"demonstrated":[154],"promoted":[157],"formation":[159],"primarily":[160],"through":[161],"\u00b7OH-driven":[162],"chemical":[163],"transformation,":[164],"whereas":[165],"microbial":[166,192],"communities":[167],"acted":[168],"mainly":[169],"secondary":[171],"responders.":[172],"These":[173],"findings":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"biochar-derived":[177],"redirect,":[179],"rather":[180],"simply":[182],"accelerate,":[183],"turnover":[186],"coupling":[188],"processing.":[193],"study":[195],"establishes":[196],"mechanistic":[198,211],"link":[199],"between":[200],"surface":[202],"redox":[203],"chemistry":[204],"persistence,":[208],"providing":[209],"basis":[212],"designing":[214],"biochars":[215],"sequestration":[219],"potential.":[220],"Graphical":[221],"Abstract":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}