{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224379359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","title":"Packet-Dropping and False-Recommendation Attacks on Trust-Based Gateway Selection in an Integrated Internet-MANET: An NS-3 Study","display_name":"Packet-Dropping and False-Recommendation Attacks on Trust-Based Gateway Selection in an Integrated Internet-MANET: An NS-3 Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224379359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23769087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193828","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development","issn_l":"2348-4470","issn":["2348-4470","2348-6406"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159081161","display_name":"Mohammed Abdul Raheem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119068399","display_name":"Rayalaseema University","ror":"https://ror.org/00nphdr35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119068399"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Abdul Raheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Scholar, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Scholar, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119068399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068120463","display_name":"Khaleel Ur Rahman Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-0370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-0370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122748864","display_name":"\"Dunarea de Jos\" University of Galati","ror":"https://ror.org/052sta926","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122748864"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaleel Ur Rahman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACE Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India","\"Dunarea de Jos\" University of Galati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACE Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"Dunarea de Jos\" University of Galati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122748864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86874238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-dropping-attacks","display_name":"packet dropping attacks","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-networks","display_name":"mobile ad hoc networks","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aodv","display_name":"AODV","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watchdog-mechanism","display_name":"watchdog mechanism","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opinion-aggregation","display_name":"opinion aggregation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-delivery-ratio","display_name":"packet delivery ratio","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6647999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.637499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5516999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126608188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527308","display_name":"Gateway address","level":3,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52837422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431028","display_name":"Interior gateway protocol","level":5,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35546906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2900718","display_name":"Packet drop attack","level":5,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104503742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345335","display_name":"Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing","level":5,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136923852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509823","display_name":"H.248","level":3,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780405328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067099","display_name":"Internetworking","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23769087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193828","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development","issn_l":"2348-4470","issn":["2348-4470","2348-6406"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23769088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193828","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development","issn_l":"2348-4470","issn":["2348-4470","2348-6406"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23769087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23769087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193828","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development","issn_l":"2348-4470","issn":["2348-4470","2348-6406"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7222983283","https://openalex.org/W7223085631","https://openalex.org/W2108994343","https://openalex.org/W2608405719","https://openalex.org/W1104986043","https://openalex.org/W2771199079","https://openalex.org/W2736563406","https://openalex.org/W1968423168","https://openalex.org/W2751074664","https://openalex.org/W2532484500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"an":[1,247],"integrated":[2],"Internet-MANET":[3],"a":[4,11,51,75,97,141,236,241],"mobile":[5],"node":[6],"reaches":[7],"the":[8,14,36,39,45,56,67,82,88,111,128,134,158,167,185,193,211,221,224,230,252,258],"Internet":[9],"through":[10],"gateway,":[12,130],"and":[13,32,74,106,156,201,206,250],"choice":[15,37,239],"of":[16,27,38,110,136,169,187,210,226,254],"gateway":[17,41,53,80,173,238],"decides":[18,256],"which":[19,102],"relay":[20,143],"nodes":[21,112,155,189,195,213],"carry":[22],"its":[23,85],"traffic.":[24],"If":[25],"some":[26],"these":[28],"relays":[29,83],"accept":[30],"packets":[31],"then":[33],"discard":[34],"them,":[35],"nearest":[40,129],"is":[42],"no":[43],"longer":[44],"safest":[46],"one.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"studies":[50],"trust-based":[52],"selection":[54,132],"in":[55,101,246],"ns-3":[57],"simulator.":[58],"A":[59],"watchdog":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62,84],"overheard":[63],"transmissions":[64],"supplies":[65],"evidence,":[66],"Beta":[68],"expectation":[69],"turns":[70],"it":[71],"into":[72],"trust,":[73],"source":[76],"switches":[77,174],"to":[78,87,146,164],"another":[79],"when":[81,192],"route":[86,139],"current":[89],"one":[90],"are":[91],"not":[92],"trusted.":[93],"Two":[94],"gateways":[95],"serve":[96],"30-node":[98],"AODV":[99],"network":[100],"0,":[103],"10,":[104],"20":[105],"30":[107,151],"per":[108,148,152,175,208,216],"cent":[109,149,153,209,217],"drop":[113],"every":[114,119],"packet":[115,159],"they":[116],"should":[117],"relay;":[118],"setting":[120],"was":[121],"run":[122],"ten":[123],"times.":[124],"Compared":[125],"with":[126],"selecting":[127],"trust-aware":[131,237],"lowered":[133],"share":[135],"selections":[137],"whose":[138],"contained":[140],"dropping":[142,154,194],"from":[144,162],"5.9":[145],"3.6":[147],"at":[150,166,214,264],"raised":[157],"delivery":[160],"ratio":[161],"0.922":[163],"0.936,":[165],"price":[168],"about":[170],"seven":[171],"additional":[172],"flow.":[176],"The":[177,232],"trust":[178,225,259],"values":[179,260],"themselves":[180],"were":[181,190],"reliable":[182],"only":[183],"while":[184],"opinions":[186,222],"other":[188],"honest:":[191],"also":[196],"sent":[197],"false":[198],"opinions,":[199],"mean":[200],"median":[202],"aggregation":[203],"condemned":[204],"55":[205],"43":[207],"honest":[212],"10":[215],"attackers,":[218],"whereas":[219],"weighting":[220],"by":[223],"their":[227],"sender":[228],"removed":[229],"effect.":[231],"results":[233],"show":[234],"that":[235,251],"gives":[240],"small":[242],"but":[243],"consistent":[244],"gain":[245],"attack-prone":[248],"network,":[249],"treatment":[253],"recommenders":[255],"whether":[257],"can":[261],"be":[262],"used":[263],"all.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}