{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224372618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955","title":"Mass\u2013energy relationships in multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cells: An indicator-based approach","display_name":"Mass\u2013energy relationships in multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cells: An indicator-based approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224372618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12913/22998624/230955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955","pdf_url":"https://www.astrj.com/pdf-230955-149759?filename=Mass-energy-relationships.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736551346","display_name":"Advances in Science and Technology \u2013 Research Journal","issn_l":"2080-4075","issn":["2080-4075","2299-8624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317258","host_organization_name":"Society of Polish Mechanical Engineers and Technicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Polish Mechanical Engineers and Technicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.astrj.com/pdf-230955-149759?filename=Mass-energy-relationships.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035552670","display_name":"Maciej Mrozowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0401-8742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0401-8742","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3905-7431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111664937","display_name":"Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056xse072","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Mrozowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics , Rzeszow University of Technology , Rzeszow , Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0401-8742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics , Rzeszow University of Technology , Rzeszow , Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085926253","display_name":"Jaros\u0142aw S\u0119p","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-2211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-2211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111664937","display_name":"Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056xse072","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaros\u0142aw S\u0119p","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Manufacturing Technology and Production Engineering , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics , Rzeszow University of Technology , Rzeszow , Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-2211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Manufacturing Technology and Production Engineering , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics , Rzeszow University of Technology , Rzeszow , Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024535554","display_name":"Piotr Antoni Wygonik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-6585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-6585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111664937","display_name":"Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056xse072","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Antoni Wygonik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics , Rzeszow University of Technology , Rzeszow , Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-6585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics , Rzeszow University of Technology , Rzeszow , Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035552670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":330},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":330},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78706237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"58","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.5077999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.5077999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.24719999730587006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.19670000672340393,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-rotor-uav","display_name":"multirotor drones","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells","display_name":"proton exchange membrane fuel cells","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781351190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3772377","display_name":"Multirotor","level":2,"score":0.7972000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.2395000010728836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.23880000412464142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12913/22998624/230955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955","pdf_url":"https://www.astrj.com/pdf-230955-149759?filename=Mass-energy-relationships.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736551346","display_name":"Advances in Science and Technology \u2013 Research Journal","issn_l":"2080-4075","issn":["2080-4075","2299-8624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317258","host_organization_name":"Society of Polish Mechanical Engineers and Technicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Polish Mechanical Engineers and Technicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12913/22998624/230955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/230955","pdf_url":"https://www.astrj.com/pdf-230955-149759?filename=Mass-energy-relationships.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736551346","display_name":"Advances in Science and Technology \u2013 Research Journal","issn_l":"2080-4075","issn":["2080-4075","2299-8624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317258","host_organization_name":"Society of Polish Mechanical Engineers and Technicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Polish Mechanical Engineers and Technicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224372618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224372618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2482682782","https://openalex.org/W2783110078","https://openalex.org/W2915960900","https://openalex.org/W3040274841","https://openalex.org/W4213147678","https://openalex.org/W4297486063","https://openalex.org/W4316506832","https://openalex.org/W4317394413","https://openalex.org/W4385346113","https://openalex.org/W4388342921","https://openalex.org/W4401078518","https://openalex.org/W4406123621","https://openalex.org/W4409075407","https://openalex.org/W7125200089","https://openalex.org/W7149477458","https://openalex.org/W7163745868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206006529","https://openalex.org/W2968945940","https://openalex.org/W3036241051","https://openalex.org/W2603541450","https://openalex.org/W2370098557","https://openalex.org/W4403500153","https://openalex.org/W2319989864","https://openalex.org/W3172404554","https://openalex.org/W2780667460","https://openalex.org/W2734715576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"dynamic":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,94,133,148,150,159,167,240],"hydrogen-powered":[4,262],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicles":[7],"(UAVs)":[8],"has":[9],"increased":[10],"the":[11,130,165,206,237],"need":[12],"for":[13,251],"consistent":[14],"methods":[15],"to":[16,39,98,128,224,235],"assess":[17,236],"their":[18],"mass-energy":[19,41,253],"characteristics,":[20],"particularly":[21],"in":[22,43,260],"multirotor":[23,44,263],"platforms,":[24,265],"which":[25],"are":[26,142,155],"characterised":[27,143],"by":[28,47,144],"high":[29],"and":[30,71,90,112,123,170,193,234,257],"continuous":[31],"power":[32,219,228,233],"demand":[33,229],"during":[34],"hover-dominated":[35],"operation.This":[36],"study":[37],"aims":[38],"identify":[40],"relationships":[42],"UAVs":[45],"powered":[46],"proton":[48],"exchange":[49],"membrane":[50],"fuel":[51],"cells":[52],"using":[53],"an":[54,268],"indicator-based":[55],"comparative":[56,249],"framework.The":[57],"analysis":[58],"was":[59,102,222],"based":[60],"on":[61,203],"technical":[62,68],"data":[63],"obtained":[64],"from":[65],"manufacturer":[66],"datasheets,":[67],"reports,":[69],"catalogues,":[70],"scientific":[72],"publications,":[73],"including":[74,104],"maximum":[75,99],"take-off":[76,100],"weight,":[77,79],"empty":[78],"payload,":[80],"declared":[81],"flight":[82],"endurance,":[83,111],"PEMFC":[84,113,214,231],"rated":[85,232],"power,":[86],"hydrogen":[87],"tank":[88],"capacity,":[89],"storage":[91],"pressure.A":[92],"set":[93],"normalised":[95],"indicators":[96],"referenced":[97],"weight":[101],"used,":[103],"payload":[105,153,191],"fraction,":[106,109],"structural":[107,145,194],"mass":[108,146,184,188,195],"specific":[110],"power-to-weight":[114,207],"ratio.Pearson":[115],"correlation":[116],"analysis,":[117],"simple":[118],"linear":[119,201],"regression,":[120],"confidence":[121],"intervals,":[122],"bootstrap":[124],"resampling":[125],"were":[126],"applied":[127],"support":[129],"graphical":[131],"interpretation":[132],"mass-dependent":[134],"trends.The":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138,179],"most":[139],"analysed":[140],"platforms":[141],"fractions":[147,154],"75-90%":[149],"MTOW,":[151,204],"while":[152,205],"typically":[156],"within":[157,164],"10-25%":[158],"MTOW.Specific":[160],"endurance":[161,180],"generally":[162],"falls":[163],"range":[166],"4-10":[168],"min/kg":[169],"shows":[171],"a":[172,218,247],"strong":[173],"negative":[174],"relationship":[175],"with":[176,230],"MTOW":[177],"(r=-0.75,R^2=0.56),indicating":[178],"efficiency":[181],"per":[182],"unit":[183],"decreases":[185],"as":[186],"platform":[187],"increases.In":[189],"contrast,":[190],"fraction":[192,196],"showed":[197],"weak":[198],"or":[199],"negligible":[200],"dependence":[202],"ratio":[208,221],"exhibited":[209],"greater":[210],"dispersion,":[211],"reflecting":[212],"manufacturer-specific":[213],"sizing":[215],"strategies.In":[216],"addition,":[217],"consistency":[220,239],"introduced":[223],"compare":[225],"estimated":[226],"average":[227],"internal":[238],"manufacturer-declared":[241],"performance":[242],"data.The":[243],"proposed":[244],"framework":[245],"provides":[246],"first-order":[248],"tool":[250],"identifying":[252],"trade-offs,":[254],"design":[255],"constraints,":[256],"potential":[258],"inconsistencies":[259],"commercial":[261],"UAV":[264],"rather":[266],"than":[267],"experimentally":[269],"validated":[270],"predictive":[271],"model.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}