{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224350628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261492080","title":"Electroless MAO-Ni-W-Sn-P quaternary coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy: Enhanced wear, scratch resistance and microhardness","display_name":"Electroless MAO-Ni-W-Sn-P quaternary coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy: Enhanced wear, scratch resistance and microhardness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224350628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261492080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14644207261492080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261492080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261492080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S986594421","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design and Applications","issn_l":"1464-4207","issn":["1464-4207","2041-3076"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066839915","display_name":"Loganathan Sekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9356-9576","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9356-9576"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94948490","display_name":"B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01fqhas03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loganathan Sekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9356-9576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000111596","display_name":"T.R. Tamilarasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-1522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-1522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94948490","display_name":"B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01fqhas03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamilarasan TR","raw_affiliation_strings":["B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059064985","display_name":"Sanjith Udayakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-7643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-7643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjith Udayakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-7643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000111596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94948490"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7068564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11200","display_name":"Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11200","display_name":"Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.1664000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10530","display_name":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","score":0.014700000174343586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-arc-oxidation","display_name":"plasma electrolytic oxidation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroless-nickel-deposition","display_name":"electroless nickel deposition","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/az91d-magnesium-alloy","display_name":"AZ91D magnesium alloy","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wear-resistance","display_name":"wear resistance","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch-resistance","display_name":"scratch resistance","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microhardness","display_name":"microhardness","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-sliding-wear","display_name":"dry sliding wear","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating-adhesion","display_name":"coating adhesion","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribological-properties","display_name":"tribological properties","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8616999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.7466999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77017923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912313","display_name":"Optical microscope","level":3,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167310744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193870","display_name":"Tribology","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543218039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660","display_name":"Magnesium","level":2,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776797782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2180288","display_name":"Magnesium alloy","level":3,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504270822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744","display_name":"Nickel","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14644207261492080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261492080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207261492080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S986594421","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design and Applications","issn_l":"1464-4207","issn":["1464-4207","2041-3076"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602758889","https://openalex.org/W1897520112","https://openalex.org/W1965522722","https://openalex.org/W1976565980","https://openalex.org/W1977859595","https://openalex.org/W1981446321","https://openalex.org/W1983649874","https://openalex.org/W1994702418","https://openalex.org/W1995786232","https://openalex.org/W2016945669","https://openalex.org/W2020596721","https://openalex.org/W2034275920","https://openalex.org/W2042177865","https://openalex.org/W2043397876","https://openalex.org/W2054611457","https://openalex.org/W2057393372","https://openalex.org/W2060228692","https://openalex.org/W2061951869","https://openalex.org/W2082055536","https://openalex.org/W2084450870","https://openalex.org/W2092675692","https://openalex.org/W2094106733","https://openalex.org/W2145720088","https://openalex.org/W2148826195","https://openalex.org/W2158933522","https://openalex.org/W2175357900","https://openalex.org/W2353723040","https://openalex.org/W2519975919","https://openalex.org/W2561859313","https://openalex.org/W2563790398","https://openalex.org/W2583679851","https://openalex.org/W2765465883","https://openalex.org/W2775432560","https://openalex.org/W2896346609","https://openalex.org/W2899099738","https://openalex.org/W2944560491","https://openalex.org/W2963467294","https://openalex.org/W2987157021","https://openalex.org/W3023019900","https://openalex.org/W3080376049","https://openalex.org/W3191023454","https://openalex.org/W4367400337","https://openalex.org/W4396936273","https://openalex.org/W4405950372","https://openalex.org/W7127092113","https://openalex.org/W7167888146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391029084","https://openalex.org/W2376652249","https://openalex.org/W7140024603","https://openalex.org/W7127092113","https://openalex.org/W2600983492","https://openalex.org/W2899099738","https://openalex.org/W2171734643","https://openalex.org/W1551935341","https://openalex.org/W2982008169","https://openalex.org/W3085127556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Micro-arc":[0],"oxidation":[1],"(MAO)":[2],"followed":[3],"by":[4,232,236],"direct":[5],"electroless":[6,144],"nickel":[7],"(DEN)":[8],"deposition":[9,145],"was":[10,82,116],"employed":[11,83],"to":[12,42,84,139,170,197,200,244],"develop":[13],"duplex":[14,261],"Ni-based":[15,101],"coatings":[16,61],"on":[17],"as-cast":[18],"AZ91D":[19,135,273],"magnesium":[20,274],"alloy":[21],"with":[22,73,96,103,192,213],"enhanced":[23],"mechanical":[24,268],"and":[25,32,34,46,51,56,67,113,123,246,250,269],"tribological":[26,114,270],"performance.":[27],"Binary":[28],"MAO-Ni-P,":[29],"ternary":[30],"MAO-Ni-W-P,":[31,185],"MAO-Ni-Sn-P,":[33],"quaternary":[35,162,204],"MAO-Ni-W-Sn-P":[36,163,186],"coating":[37,164,205,241,257],"systems":[38],"were":[39,62],"comparatively":[40],"investigated":[41],"elucidate":[43],"the":[44,60,131,152,161,174,177,237,254,266],"individual":[45],"combined":[47,238],"effects":[48,239],"of":[49,59,134,155,176,195,218,240,272],"W":[50],"Sn":[52],"additions.":[53],"The":[54,203,221],"morphology":[55],"elemental":[57],"composition":[58],"characterised":[63],"using":[64,118],"optical":[65],"microscopy":[66,71],"field-emission":[68],"scanning":[69],"electron":[70],"coupled":[72],"energy-dispersive":[74],"X-ray":[75,79],"spectroscopy":[76],"(FESEM-EDS),":[77],"while":[78,142],"diffraction":[80,93],"(XRD)":[81],"evaluate":[85],"their":[86],"structural":[87],"characteristics.":[88],"XRD":[89],"revealed":[90],"broadened":[91],"FCC-Ni-related":[92],"features,":[94],"consistent":[95],"poorly":[97],"crystalline":[98,106],"or":[99,108],"amorphous-nanocrystalline":[100],"deposits,":[102],"no":[104],"distinct":[105],"W-":[107],"Sn-rich":[109],"phases":[110],"resolved.":[111],"Mechanical":[112],"performance":[115,227,271],"evaluated":[117],"microhardness,":[119],"progressive-load":[120,211],"scratch":[121,216],"testing,":[122],"dry-sliding":[124],"pin-on-disc":[125],"wear":[126,190,226],"testing.":[127],"MAO":[128],"treatment":[129],"increased":[130],"surface":[132],"microhardness":[133,154],"from":[136],"approximately":[137,156,166,171],"91":[138],"426":[140],"HV,":[141,168],"subsequent":[143],"produced":[146],"further":[147],"substantial":[148],"increases.":[149],"MAO-Ni-W-P":[150],"exhibited":[151,165,187],"highest":[153],"891":[157],"HV.":[158],"In":[159],"contrast,":[160],"775":[167],"corresponding":[169],"8.5":[172],"times":[173],"hardness":[175,183,234],"untreated":[178,201],"substrate.":[179],"Despite":[180],"its":[181],"lower":[182],"than":[184],"superior":[188],"overall":[189],"resistance,":[191],"an":[193],"improvement":[194],"up":[196],"75%":[198],"relative":[199],"AZ91D.":[202],"also":[206],"demonstrated":[207],"adequate":[208],"adhesion":[209],"under":[210],"scratching,":[212],"a":[214,259],"critical":[215],"load":[217],"3":[219],"N.":[220],"results":[222],"demonstrate":[223],"that":[224],"optimum":[225],"is":[228],"not":[229],"governed":[230],"solely":[231],"maximum":[233],"but":[235],"composition,":[242],"resistance":[243],"deformation":[245],"damage,":[247],"interfacial":[248],"integrity,":[249],"frictional":[251],"response.":[252],"Overall,":[253],"MAO-assisted":[255],"Ni-W-Sn-P":[256],"provides":[258],"promising":[260],"surface-engineering":[262],"strategy":[263],"for":[264],"improving":[265],"dry":[267],"alloy.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}