{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224313464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","title":"Attitude Toward Persons With Mental Illness in Bangladesh: Scale Validation and Status Assessment","display_name":"Attitude Toward Persons With Mental Illness in Bangladesh: Scale Validation and Status Assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224313464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42959944","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13718818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/puh2.70432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/puh2.70432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218862","display_name":"Public Health Challenges","issn_l":"2769-2450","issn":["2769-2450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Challenges","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/puh2.70432","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089759770","display_name":"S. M. Yasir Arafat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-5708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-5708","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-8582"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159070","display_name":"Biomedical Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/051re5m53","country_code":"BD","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159070"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Yasir Arafat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh","Department of Psychiatry Bangladesh Specialized Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-5708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry Bangladesh Specialized Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112026489","display_name":"Sadeed Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3236-7205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3236-7205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159070","display_name":"Biomedical Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/051re5m53","country_code":"BD","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159070"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadeed Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3236-7205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160129856","display_name":"Md. Khairul Islam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Khairul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College  Gazipur Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College  Gazipur Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063810344","display_name":"Maliha Huq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1709-7913","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1709-7913"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maliha Huq","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1709-7913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160135287","display_name":"Farhana Kaniz Mouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3414-4837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3414-4837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928219","display_name":"Medical College For Women and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00r6qej07","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928219"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhana Kaniz Mouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine and Public Health Medical College for Women and Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3414-4837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine and Public Health Medical College for Women and Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102269962","display_name":"Srijony Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-0508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-0508"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srijony Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry Dhaka Community Medical College and Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-0508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry Dhaka Community Medical College and Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043565297","display_name":"Sanjida Tanjin Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-4225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-4225","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5486-2556"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjida Tanjin Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry Ad\u2010din Medical College and Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry Ad\u2010din Medical College and Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063013751","display_name":"Bithika Mali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-8399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-8399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201969901","display_name":"Bangladesh Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/042mrsz23","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bithika Mali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Graduate Nursing Faculty of Nursing Bangladesh Medical University  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Graduate Nursing Faculty of Nursing Bangladesh Medical University  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016621861","display_name":"Mohammad Sorowar Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-2909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-2909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788","https://openalex.org/I4405261541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159070","display_name":"Biomedical Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/051re5m53","country_code":"BD","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159070"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sorowar Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh","School of Environment and Life Sciences Independent University  Dhaka Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-2909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Life Sciences Independent University  Dhaka Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089759770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159070"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9090585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"e70432","last_page":"e70432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-toward-mental-illness","display_name":"attitudes toward mental illness","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-validation","display_name":"scale validation","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangla-translation","display_name":"Bangla translation","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-adaptation","display_name":"cultural adaptation","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imams","display_name":"imams","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-invariance","display_name":"measurement invariance","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-acceptance","display_name":"interpersonal acceptance","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.7289999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7733816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226213","display_name":"Polychoric correlation","level":3,"score":0.7027999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.6676999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.6647999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.6396999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6287999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1589151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804207","display_name":"Measurement invariance","level":4,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198999979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159115","display_name":"Concurrent validity","level":4,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064664","display_name":"DSM-5","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70364389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757","display_name":"Validity","level":3,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85461838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100785","display_name":"Ordinal data","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669245","display_name":"Item analysis","level":3,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20685875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239678","display_name":"Predictive validity","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174106493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880","display_name":"External validity","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/puh2.70432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/puh2.70432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218862","display_name":"Public Health Challenges","issn_l":"2769-2450","issn":["2769-2450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Challenges","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13718818","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13718818/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13718818/pdf/PUH2-5-e70432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Chall","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42959944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42959944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public health challenges","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/puh2.70432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.70432","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/puh2.70432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218862","display_name":"Public Health Challenges","issn_l":"2769-2450","issn":["2769-2450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Challenges","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224313464.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224313464.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006577042","https://openalex.org/W2063460762","https://openalex.org/W2461994724","https://openalex.org/W2728953109","https://openalex.org/W2765750354","https://openalex.org/W2888602691","https://openalex.org/W2996087162","https://openalex.org/W3014089736","https://openalex.org/W4210562877","https://openalex.org/W4296757893","https://openalex.org/W4386839669","https://openalex.org/W4392141219","https://openalex.org/W4392564062","https://openalex.org/W4394016875","https://openalex.org/W4404220303","https://openalex.org/W4411531463","https://openalex.org/W4411662164","https://openalex.org/W4414171564","https://openalex.org/W4415237656","https://openalex.org/W4415479573","https://openalex.org/W4416421999","https://openalex.org/W7124322266","https://openalex.org/W7131709195","https://openalex.org/W7155525359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165400903","https://openalex.org/W7166714128","https://openalex.org/W7127241705","https://openalex.org/W156065260","https://openalex.org/W7139975545","https://openalex.org/W2994850849","https://openalex.org/W2063353092","https://openalex.org/W4417479534","https://openalex.org/W7131802390","https://openalex.org/W2915860493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Background":[1],"Stigma":[2],"toward":[3,25,260],"persons":[4,26,261],"with":[5,27,50,262],"mental":[6,13,28,263],"illness":[7,29,264],"remains":[8],"a":[9,162],"major":[10],"barrier":[11],"to":[12,22,36,56,79],"health":[14],"care.":[15],"No":[16],"validated":[17],"Bangla":[18,43,247],"instrument":[19],"is":[20],"available":[21],"assess":[23,57],"attitudes":[24,58,259],"in":[30,67],"Bangladesh.":[31,68],"Objective":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34,73],"aimed":[35],"adapt":[37],"and":[38,55,63,88,98,117,135,141,153,168,204,215,254],"validate":[39],"the":[40,46,145,181,211,228],"culturally":[41,99,245],"adapted":[42,100,246],"version":[44],"of":[45],"Attitudes":[47],"Toward":[48],"Persons":[49],"Mental":[51],"Illness":[52],"(APMI)":[53],"scale":[54,95,249],"among":[59,82],"undergraduate":[60],"medical":[61,86],"students":[62,87,220],"Islamic":[64],"religious":[65],"leaders":[66],"Methods":[69],"A":[70],"psychometric":[71],"validation":[72],"was":[74,96,106,202,208],"conducted":[75],"from":[76],"July":[77],"2025":[78],"June":[80],"2026":[81],"489":[83],"participants":[84],"(249":[85],"240":[89],"Imams).":[90],"The":[91,104,171,243],"original":[92],"16\u2010item":[93],"APMI":[94,248],"translated":[97],"following":[101],"standard":[102],"guidelines.":[103],"sample":[105],"independently":[107],"divided":[108],"into":[109],"exploratory":[110],"factor":[111,119],"analysis":[112,120],"(EFA;":[113],"n":[114,122],"=":[115,123,186,189,192,198,234],"245)":[116],"confirmatory":[118],"(CFA;":[121],"244)":[124],"subsamples.":[125],"EFA":[126,160],"used":[127],"polychoric":[128],"correlations,":[129],"minimum":[130],"residual":[131],"extraction,":[132],"oblimin":[133],"rotation,":[134],"parallel":[136],"analysis.":[137],"CFA":[138,174],"compared":[139],"one\u2010":[140],"two\u2010factor":[142,163,173],"models":[143],"using":[144],"WLSMV":[146],"estimator.":[147],"Reliability,":[148],"measurement":[149],"invariance,":[150],"group":[151],"differences,":[152],"multivariable":[154],"associations":[155],"were":[156],"also":[157],"evaluated.":[158],"Results":[159],"supported":[161,209],"structure":[164],"comprising":[165],"Fear/Social":[166],"Avoidance":[167],"Interpersonal":[169],"Acceptance.":[170],"correlated":[172],"model":[175,183],"showed":[176],"substantially":[177],"better":[178],"fit":[179],"than":[180,224],"one\u2010factor":[182],"(scaled":[184],"CFI":[185],"0.967,":[187],"TLI":[188],"0.956,":[190],"RMSEA":[191],"0.071,":[193],"90%":[194],"CI":[195,237],"0.049\u20130.092,":[196],"SRMR":[197],"0.046).":[199],"Ordinal":[200],"alpha":[201],"0.83":[203],"0.78.":[205],"Measurement":[206],"invariance":[207],"at":[210],"configural,":[212],"partial":[213,216],"metric,":[214],"threshold/scalar":[217],"levels.":[218],"Medical":[219],"had":[221],"lower":[222],"scores":[223],"Imams.":[225],"After":[226],"adjustment,":[227],"difference":[229],"remained":[230],"significant":[231],"(":[232],"\u03b2":[233],"5.02,":[235],"95%":[236],"2.89\u20137.15;":[238],"p":[239],"<":[240],"0.001).":[241],"Conclusion":[242],"10\u2010item":[244],"demonstrates":[250],"acceptable":[251],"structural":[252],"validity":[253],"internal":[255],"consistency":[256],"for":[257,265],"assessing":[258],"Bangla\u2010speaking":[266],"populations.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}