{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224286180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04320","title":"Reconfigurable Nanofluidic Synapses Based on Polyaniline Protonation-Deprotonation Chemistry for Potential Bio-Integrated Computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable Nanofluidic Synapses Based on Polyaniline Protonation-Deprotonation Chemistry for Potential Bio-Integrated Computing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224286180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsanm.6c04320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191493","display_name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","issn_l":"2574-0970","issn":["2574-0970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032163786","display_name":"Fengfan Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141483","display_name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04f49ff35","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengfan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114804380","display_name":"Yuxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3151-3856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3151-3856","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6583-6660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141483","display_name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04f49ff35","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences Beijing , , ,","National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences Beijing , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147136133","display_name":"Xiaojing Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["North University of China , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North University of China , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157960869","display_name":"Xing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-3950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-3950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141483","display_name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04f49ff35","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-3950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010574659","display_name":"Yuchun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-8407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-8407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141483","display_name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04f49ff35","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063718182","display_name":"Yong Li Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-7423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-7423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141483","display_name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04f49ff35","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences Beijing , , ,","National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","University of Science and Technology Beijing , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-7423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences Beijing , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology Beijing , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010574659","https://openalex.org/A5063718182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391","https://openalex.org/I4210141483","https://openalex.org/I4210165038","https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74764999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11582","display_name":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","score":0.01720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyaniline","display_name":"polyaniline","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"short-term plasticity","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paired-pulse-facilitation","display_name":"paired-pulse facilitation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paired-pulse-depression","display_name":"paired-pulse depression","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservoir-computing","display_name":"reservoir computing","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwritten-digit-recognition","display_name":"handwritten digit recognition","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8835999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777580120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417637","display_name":"Polyaniline","level":4,"score":0.6378999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57527310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764073","display_name":"Nanofluidics","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2182769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500","display_name":"Ionic bonding","level":3,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98229152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551556","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133495861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412798","display_name":"Conductive polymer","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23375383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176499","display_name":"Unconventional computing","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsanm.6c04320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191493","display_name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","issn_l":"2574-0970","issn":["2574-0970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985208211","https://openalex.org/W1996465583","https://openalex.org/W2034734459","https://openalex.org/W2041368477","https://openalex.org/W2059126518","https://openalex.org/W2063206977","https://openalex.org/W2073394939","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2127446495","https://openalex.org/W2130869501","https://openalex.org/W2330863364","https://openalex.org/W2470708322","https://openalex.org/W2612757330","https://openalex.org/W2772397789","https://openalex.org/W2887258823","https://openalex.org/W2912648566","https://openalex.org/W2944762467","https://openalex.org/W3003111440","https://openalex.org/W3028927530","https://openalex.org/W3164143787","https://openalex.org/W4220847857","https://openalex.org/W4254736414","https://openalex.org/W4292972888","https://openalex.org/W4315778767","https://openalex.org/W4315784189","https://openalex.org/W4395069682","https://openalex.org/W4396928260","https://openalex.org/W4399055728","https://openalex.org/W4400280244","https://openalex.org/W4400785797","https://openalex.org/W4402330594","https://openalex.org/W4402595684","https://openalex.org/W4404596350","https://openalex.org/W4406133686","https://openalex.org/W4409450179","https://openalex.org/W4411141837","https://openalex.org/W4412073633","https://openalex.org/W4412744170","https://openalex.org/W4414159789","https://openalex.org/W4416011800","https://openalex.org/W4417041570","https://openalex.org/W7124896707","https://openalex.org/W7125835845","https://openalex.org/W7128531482","https://openalex.org/W7130710747","https://openalex.org/W7135016388","https://openalex.org/W7167849787","https://openalex.org/W7172379209","https://openalex.org/W7202368982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164570136","https://openalex.org/W4402985611","https://openalex.org/W7117158874","https://openalex.org/W7202368982","https://openalex.org/W4386352916","https://openalex.org/W4396977154","https://openalex.org/W7129095195","https://openalex.org/W4389163619","https://openalex.org/W7171624966","https://openalex.org/W4400280244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Polyaniline":[1],"(PANI)":[2],"has":[3,15],"been":[4],"extensively":[5],"studied":[6],"for":[7,98,152],"decades,":[8],"yet":[9],"its":[10,123],"reversible":[11],"protonation-deprotonation":[12],"(PDP)":[13],"chemistry":[14,143],"remained":[16],"unexploited":[17],"in":[18],"nanofluidic":[19,120],"neuromorphic":[20,145],"computing.":[21],"Here":[22],"we":[23],"show":[24],"that":[25],"a":[26,36,74,94,106],"porous":[27],"PANI":[28,114],"membrane,":[29],"prepared":[30],"by":[31],"simple":[32],"spin-coating,":[33],"functions":[34],"as":[35,73],"volatile":[37],"ionic":[38,134],"synapse":[39],"whose":[40],"short-term":[41],"plasticity":[42],"is":[43],"chemically":[44,66],"reconfigurable.":[45],"Acid":[46],"and":[47,58,83,129],"base":[48],"treatments":[49],"reversibly":[50],"switch":[51],"the":[52,70,77],"same":[53],"device":[54,78],"between":[55],"paired-pulse":[56,59],"facilitation":[57],"depression\ue5f8opposing":[60],"forms":[61],"of":[62,140],"synaptic":[63,103],"behavior\ue5f8thereby":[64],"achieving":[65],"reconfigurable":[67,119],"plasticity.":[68],"Taking":[69],"base-configured":[71],"state":[72],"model":[75],"system,":[76],"exhibits":[79],"spike-frequency,":[80],"spike-amplitude,":[81],"spike-duration,":[82],"spike-number":[84],"dependent":[85],"plasticity,":[86],"revealing":[87],"rich":[88],"temporal":[89],"dynamics.":[90],"When":[91],"integrated":[92],"into":[93],"reservoir":[95],"computing":[96,155],"framework":[97],"handwritten":[99],"digit":[100],"recognition,":[101],"this":[102],"element":[104],"achieves":[105],"classification":[107],"accuracy":[108],"exceeding":[109],"90%.":[110],"Our":[111],"work":[112],"repositions":[113],"from":[115],"conventional":[116],"electrochemistry":[117],"to":[118],"synapses,":[121],"where":[122],"PDP":[124],"chemistry\ue5f8once":[125],"merely":[126],"governing":[127],"conductivity":[128],"surface":[130],"charge\ue5f8now":[131],"enables":[132],"history-dependent":[133],"dynamics":[135],"under":[136],"nanoconfinement.":[137],"This":[138],"convergence":[139],"classical":[141],"polymer":[142],"with":[144],"iontronics":[146],"establishes":[147],"an":[148],"unexpected":[149],"materials":[150],"platform":[151],"aqueous-based,":[153],"bio-integrated":[154],"systems.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
