{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224285264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986","title":"Terrain-aware end-to-end deep learning for temporally flexible rooftop photovoltaic potential assessment","display_name":"Terrain-aware end-to-end deep learning for temporally flexible rooftop photovoltaic potential assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224285264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148828631","display_name":"Jian Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101828695","display_name":"Zhiling Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-6117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-6117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiling Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-6117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111260388","display_name":"Kechuan Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kechuan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124057201","display_name":"Xuanyu Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160094469","display_name":"Qing Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159077428","display_name":"Jia Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128819","display_name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/033js6g46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Renewable Energy Generation System, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Renewable Energy Generation System, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128819"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158698853","display_name":"Jinyue Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinyue Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre of Urban Energy Nexus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate Resilience for Coastal Cities, Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101828695","https://openalex.org/A5158698853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62118742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"427","issue":null,"first_page":"128986","last_page":"128986"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12838","display_name":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rooftop-photovoltaic-potential","display_name":"rooftop photovoltaic potential","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topographic-effects","display_name":"topographic effects","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-shading","display_name":"urban shading","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-deep-learning","display_name":"end-to-end deep learning","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing-simulation","display_name":"ray tracing simulation","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-surface-model","display_name":"digital surface model","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-morphology","display_name":"urban morphology","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-modeling","display_name":"surrogate models","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hong-kong","display_name":"Hong Kong","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shenzhen","display_name":"Shenzhen","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-lake-city","display_name":"Salt Lake City","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rio-de-janeiro","display_name":"Rio de Janeiro","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.8079000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6845999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5390999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542589376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192127","display_name":"Photovoltaics","level":3,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172169","display_name":"3D city models","level":3,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84859931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150784","display_name":"Canyon","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476720042","https://openalex.org/W1992610893","https://openalex.org/W1998354833","https://openalex.org/W2018404154","https://openalex.org/W2056239924","https://openalex.org/W2591643705","https://openalex.org/W2621900912","https://openalex.org/W2727721695","https://openalex.org/W2804911727","https://openalex.org/W2886588289","https://openalex.org/W2990430732","https://openalex.org/W3003508115","https://openalex.org/W3007023337","https://openalex.org/W3009377873","https://openalex.org/W3084318985","https://openalex.org/W3142196569","https://openalex.org/W3164894090","https://openalex.org/W3171204491","https://openalex.org/W3203244902","https://openalex.org/W3207462328","https://openalex.org/W4200329375","https://openalex.org/W4224234379","https://openalex.org/W4362703933","https://openalex.org/W4384010451","https://openalex.org/W4384701116","https://openalex.org/W4386017161","https://openalex.org/W4388595338","https://openalex.org/W4390102240","https://openalex.org/W4392504717","https://openalex.org/W4399168863","https://openalex.org/W4399236868","https://openalex.org/W4399374361","https://openalex.org/W4407894291","https://openalex.org/W4408211588","https://openalex.org/W4408235317","https://openalex.org/W4410719838","https://openalex.org/W4415259747","https://openalex.org/W4416436062","https://openalex.org/W7083577717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410719838","https://openalex.org/W7125935551","https://openalex.org/W7138481623","https://openalex.org/W7162684361","https://openalex.org/W4390296114","https://openalex.org/W4416580282","https://openalex.org/W4414510474","https://openalex.org/W4412599029","https://openalex.org/W7116948469","https://openalex.org/W4315472459"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
