{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224258340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","title":"Interoceptive Breathing Perceptions with Anxiety","display_name":"Interoceptive Breathing Perceptions with Anxiety","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224258340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10992030/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10992030/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151908078","display_name":"Riahna Nicole Crozier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riahna Nicole Crozier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Otago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160086747","display_name":"Juan-Pierre Cronje","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan-Pierre Cronje","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Otago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160105215","display_name":"Thomi Eldritch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomi Eldritch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Otago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160076600","display_name":"Samuel Harrison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Otago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073204014","display_name":"Bruce Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-1974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-1974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Otago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160107926","display_name":"Olivia Harrison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Otago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11334","display_name":"Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11334","display_name":"Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.10849999636411667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11456","display_name":"Neuroscience of respiration and sleep","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoception","display_name":"interoception","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inspiratory-resistance","display_name":"inspiratory resistance","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercapnia","display_name":"hypercapnia","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyspnea","display_name":"dyspnea","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-responses","display_name":"emotional responses","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilatory-response","display_name":"ventilatory response","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-efficacy","display_name":"self-efficacy","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-vulnerability","display_name":"anxiety vulnerability","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bodily-sensations","display_name":"bodily sensations","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.8457000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779408567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543906","display_name":"Anxiety sensitivity","level":3,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5871000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4925999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777037550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615759","display_name":"Hypercapnia","level":3,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79959777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754333","display_name":"Respiratory minute volume","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10992030/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10992030/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10992030/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224258340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224258340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197691422","https://openalex.org/W1947510180","https://openalex.org/W1968142932","https://openalex.org/W1970345687","https://openalex.org/W1974721535","https://openalex.org/W1975695681","https://openalex.org/W1978734694","https://openalex.org/W2008515182","https://openalex.org/W2010936885","https://openalex.org/W2016521818","https://openalex.org/W2022273292","https://openalex.org/W2040974827","https://openalex.org/W2042717397","https://openalex.org/W2043705607","https://openalex.org/W2045959090","https://openalex.org/W2048330940","https://openalex.org/W2058228646","https://openalex.org/W2071872094","https://openalex.org/W2074499858","https://openalex.org/W2082099784","https://openalex.org/W2092813632","https://openalex.org/W2095696374","https://openalex.org/W2097930818","https://openalex.org/W2109631588","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2112778345","https://openalex.org/W2113828573","https://openalex.org/W2124282201","https://openalex.org/W2127084148","https://openalex.org/W2140176228","https://openalex.org/W2164861154","https://openalex.org/W2170743337","https://openalex.org/W2531292601","https://openalex.org/W2944456797","https://openalex.org/W3116371286","https://openalex.org/W3122161206","https://openalex.org/W3127796758","https://openalex.org/W3194723118","https://openalex.org/W3206924380","https://openalex.org/W4220782782","https://openalex.org/W4283807753","https://openalex.org/W4385164303","https://openalex.org/W4385968712","https://openalex.org/W4404134932","https://openalex.org/W4405310523","https://openalex.org/W4413345927","https://openalex.org/W4416383043","https://openalex.org/W7128316148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213414612","https://openalex.org/W3206924380","https://openalex.org/W7160844390","https://openalex.org/W7198865567","https://openalex.org/W4200266956","https://openalex.org/W7146690924","https://openalex.org/W2095696374","https://openalex.org/W4403531335","https://openalex.org/W7020083203","https://openalex.org/W197621986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Interoception":[2],"(i.e.":[3,208],"the":[4,14,138,157,265,282],"sensing,":[5],"processing,":[6],"and":[7,28,52,76,97,111,146,160,279],"evaluation":[8],"of":[9,42,63,74,257,284],"signals":[10,260],"originating":[11],"from":[12],"within":[13],"body)":[15],"has":[16],"emerged":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,61],"key":[20],"process":[21],"linked":[22],"to":[23,39,136,203,221,236,294],"anxiety,":[24],"sharing":[25],"both":[26,240],"neural":[27],"physiological":[29,159],"substrates.":[30],"The":[31],"current":[32],"project":[33],"examined":[34],"how":[35],"anxiety":[36,64,75,114,142,168,197,217,248,277],"is":[37,249],"related":[38,77],"subjective":[40],"measures":[41,73],"sensitivity":[43,202],"towards":[44],"two":[45,81],"different":[46],"interoceptive":[47,259],"breathing":[48,82],"modalities,":[49],"inspiratory":[50,89,212],"resistance":[51,90,213],"hypercapnia":[53,98],"(elevated":[54],"carbon":[55],"dioxide;":[56],"CO":[57,102,183],"2":[58,95,103,184],"),":[59],"across":[60],"spectrum":[62],"levels.":[65],"Methods":[66],"Participants":[67],"(n":[68],"=":[69,178,187],"75)":[70],"completed":[71],"self-report":[72],"variables":[78],"before":[79],"undergoing":[80],"perception":[83],"tasks":[84],"involving":[85],"graded":[86],"increases":[87],"in":[88,128,205],"(10,":[91],"20,":[92],"30":[93],"cmH":[94],"O/L/s)":[96],"(2%,":[99],"4%,":[100],"6%":[101],").":[104],"Perceptual":[105],"responses":[106,223,293],"(sensory":[107],"via":[108,113],"breathlessness":[109],"ratings":[110,175,267],"affect":[112],"ratings)":[115],"at":[116],"each":[117],"step":[118],"were":[119,126,153],"recorded":[120],"using":[121,130],"visual":[122],"analogue":[123],"scales.":[124],"Data":[125],"analysed":[127],"STATA":[129],"linear":[131],"mixed":[132],"effects":[133],"regression":[134],"models":[135],"assess":[137],"variance":[139],"associated":[140,170,251],"with":[141,171,252],"status,":[143],"stimulus":[144,206],"level,":[145],"their":[147],"interaction.":[148],"Additional":[149],"exploratory":[150],"correlation":[151],"analyses":[152,165,228],"also":[154],"performed":[155],"between":[156],"perceptual,":[158],"anxiety-related":[161],"measures.":[162],"Results":[163],"Primary":[164],"indicated":[166],"that":[167,247,287],"was":[169],"increased":[172,253],"overall":[173,254],"affective":[174,255,292],"(resistance:":[176],"\u03b2":[177,186],"3.83,":[179],"p":[180,189],"<":[181,190],"0.05;":[182],":":[185],"3.28,":[188],"0.05)":[191],"but":[192,261],"not":[193,199,219,263],"sensory":[194,266],"ratings.":[195],"However,":[196],"did":[198,218],"influence":[200],"participants\u2019":[201],"changes":[204],"intensity":[207],"slope)":[209],"for":[210,276],"either":[211,225],"or":[214],"hypercapnia.":[215],"Additionally,":[216],"relate":[220],"ventilatory":[222,269],"during":[224,239],"stimulus.":[226],"Exploratory":[227],"revealed":[229],"additional":[230],"correlations":[231],"including":[232],"lower":[233],"self-efficacy":[234],"relating":[235],"altered":[237],"ventilation":[238],"tasks.":[241],"Conclusions":[242],"Overall,":[243],"these":[244],"findings":[245],"suggest":[246],"primarily":[250],"perceptions":[256],"breathing-related":[258],"does":[262],"alter":[264],"nor":[268],"responses.":[270],"This":[271],"dissociation":[272],"highlights":[273],"potential":[274],"markers":[275],"vulnerability":[278],"may":[280],"inform":[281],"development":[283],"targeted":[285],"interventions":[286],"focus":[288],"on":[289],"specifically":[290],"modifying":[291],"bodily":[295],"sensations.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
