{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224245183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","title":"Full Oral","display_name":"Full Oral","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224245183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1744-1633.70105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101670428","display_name":"Surgical Practice","issn_l":"1744-1625","issn":["1744-1625","1744-1633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160073220","display_name":"Multiple clinical risk scores have been developed for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) with limited sensitivity and specificity. We aim to develop a machine learning model to identify high risk AUGIB patients associated with poor outcomes and to compare its performance with existing risk scores.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Multiple clinical risk scores have been developed for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) with limited sensitivity and specificity. We aim to develop a machine learning model to identify high risk AUGIB patients associated with poor outcomes and to compare its performance with existing risk scores.","raw_affiliation_strings":["p"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"p","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160073220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"S1","first_page":"5","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986432223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449740","display_name":"Risk model","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020404979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk stratification","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1744-1633.70105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101670428","display_name":"Surgical Practice","issn_l":"1744-1625","issn":["1744-1625","1744-1633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1744-1633.70105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1744-1633.70105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101670428","display_name":"Surgical Practice","issn_l":"1744-1625","issn":["1744-1625","1744-1633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224245183.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224245183.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7224221176","https://openalex.org/W4243930478","https://openalex.org/W2045362208","https://openalex.org/W4400096121","https://openalex.org/W4240006885","https://openalex.org/W1936493313","https://openalex.org/W2463316479","https://openalex.org/W2462285427","https://openalex.org/W4300717295","https://openalex.org/W4283793201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"Multiple":[1],"clinical":[2,176,218,226],"risk":[3,29,43,177,219,227],"scores":[4,178,228],"have":[5],"been":[6],"developed":[7,49,95],"for":[8,82],"acute":[9],"upper":[10],"gastrointestinal":[11],"bleeding":[12],"(AUGIB)":[13],"with":[14,33,41,50,105,135,152,162,229],"limited":[15],"sensitivity":[16,129,156],"and":[17,36,74,86,117,130,139,157,167,186,198,208],"specificity.We":[18],"aim":[19],"to":[20,26,37,96],"develop":[21],"a":[22,64,136],"machine":[23,107],"learning":[24,108],"model":[25,161,172,215,222],"identify":[27],"high":[28],"AUGIB":[30,52,143],"patients":[31,53,104,144,150],"associated":[32],"poor":[34,68,101,153],"outcomes":[35,69,102],"compare":[38],"its":[39],"performance":[40,124],"existing":[42,175,225],"scores.Methods:":[44],"A":[45],"population-wide":[46],"database":[47],"was":[48,125],"all":[51],"in":[54,58,103,147,179],"6":[55],"major":[56],"hospitals":[57],"Hong":[59],"Kong.The":[60],"study":[61],"endpoint":[62,66],"is":[63],"composite":[65],"of":[67,100,159,181,188,194],"including":[70],"mortality":[71,73],"(all-cause":[72],"bleeding-related":[75],"mortality),":[76],"rebleeding":[77],"within":[78],"30":[79],"days,":[80],"need":[81],"ICU,":[83],"re-endoscopy,":[84],"surgery":[85],"embolization.15":[87],"factors":[88],"were":[89,94,122,133,145,151,164,203],"included.Machine":[90],"learningbased":[91],"predictive":[92],"models":[93],"estimate":[97],"the":[98,160,170,174,182],"probability":[99],"AUGIB.Several":[106],"algorithms":[109],"(decision":[110],"trees,":[111],"random":[112],"forests,":[113],"support":[114],"vector":[115],"machines":[116,120],"gradient":[118],"boosting":[119],"[GBM])":[121],"trained.Model":[123],"assessed":[126],"using":[127],"AUROC,":[128,155,183,190],"specificity.The":[131],"results":[132],"validated":[134],"10-fold":[137],"split":[138],"cross":[140],"validation.Results:":[141],"6503":[142],"included,":[146],"whom":[148],"1500":[149],"outcomes.The":[154],"specificity":[158,187,193],"GBM":[163,171,214],"0.9233,":[165],"0.8313":[166],"0.8563,":[168],"respectively.Moreover,":[169],"outperforms":[173,216],"terms":[180],"F1":[184],"score":[185],"GBM.The":[189],"F1,":[191],"sensitivity,":[192],"GBS":[195],"\u2265":[196,201],"12":[197],"Rockall":[199],"Score":[200],"4":[202],"0.751,":[204],"0.497,":[205],"0.588,":[206],"0.747":[207],"0.714,":[209],"0.483,":[210],"0.744,":[211],"0.565,":[212],"respectively.Conclusion:":[213],"other":[217],"scores.This":[220],"new":[221],"may":[223],"replace":[224],"higher":[230],"accuracy.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
