{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224226141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","title":"Mechanisms governing calendar aging in three-electrode lithium-ion cells with layered oxide cathode and milled silicon anode","display_name":"Mechanisms governing calendar aging in three-electrode lithium-ion cells with layered oxide cathode and milled silicon anode","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224226141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/batteries-and-electrochemistry/articles/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285205","display_name":"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry","issn_l":"2813-4974","issn":["2813-4974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/batteries-and-electrochemistry/articles/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051494677","display_name":"Hrishikesh Tupkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8154-651X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8154-651X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hrishikesh Tupkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002530147","display_name":"Pavan  P. Badami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-5865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-5865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavan Badami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065638727","display_name":"Ankit Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-8574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-8574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankit Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Center, National Laboratory of the Rockies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Center, National Laboratory of the Rockies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077198698","display_name":"Avi Gargye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-0498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-0498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avi Gargye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160104492","display_name":"Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061800926","display_name":"Andrew M. Colclasure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-5106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-5106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Colclasure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Center, National Laboratory of the Rockies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Center, National Laboratory of the Rockies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063200082","display_name":"Matthew A. Gebbie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-4002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-4002"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew A. Gebbie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160133997","display_name":"Ilya Shkrob","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilya Shkrob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056882529","display_name":"Daniel P. Abraham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-9620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-9620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P. Abraham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056882529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73700179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.8511000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.8511000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.1476999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calendar-aging","display_name":"calendar aging","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-batteries","display_name":"lithium-ion batteries","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-anodes","display_name":"silicon anodes","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ncm811-cathode","display_name":"NCM811 cathode","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layered-oxide-cathodes","display_name":"layered oxide cathodes","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-relaxation","display_name":"voltage relaxation","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-of-lithium-inventory","display_name":"lithium inventory loss","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-reactions","display_name":"side reactions","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-electrolyte-interphase","display_name":"solid electrolyte interphase","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode-degradation-mechanisms","display_name":"electrode degradation mechanisms","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-fade","display_name":"capacity fade","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-electrode-cell","display_name":"three-electrode cell","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.8636999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778333438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16851742","display_name":"Capacity loss","level":4,"score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7163000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6410999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/batteries-and-electrochemistry/articles/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285205","display_name":"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry","issn_l":"2813-4974","issn":["2813-4974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78abaa836d0b43c8a2a1b0d59132250b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78abaa836d0b43c8a2a1b0d59132250b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry, Vol 5 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/batteries-and-electrochemistry/articles/10.3389/fbael.2026.1995764/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285205","display_name":"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry","issn_l":"2813-4974","issn":["2813-4974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224226141.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224226141.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970862825","https://openalex.org/W1992824073","https://openalex.org/W1997157045","https://openalex.org/W2009632951","https://openalex.org/W2020818099","https://openalex.org/W2029449352","https://openalex.org/W2051699520","https://openalex.org/W2166946044","https://openalex.org/W2229989501","https://openalex.org/W2291102350","https://openalex.org/W2313604584","https://openalex.org/W2320616659","https://openalex.org/W2340971382","https://openalex.org/W2405087465","https://openalex.org/W2464273419","https://openalex.org/W2484883146","https://openalex.org/W2758610127","https://openalex.org/W2773957237","https://openalex.org/W2803617655","https://openalex.org/W2888239819","https://openalex.org/W2910946656","https://openalex.org/W2935412287","https://openalex.org/W3007976006","https://openalex.org/W3200796141","https://openalex.org/W4206251606","https://openalex.org/W4225263916","https://openalex.org/W4320896679","https://openalex.org/W4363649786","https://openalex.org/W4388419040","https://openalex.org/W4390920597","https://openalex.org/W4400640936","https://openalex.org/W4404711331","https://openalex.org/W4406145717","https://openalex.org/W4406244788","https://openalex.org/W4409490369","https://openalex.org/W4409868849","https://openalex.org/W4411100479","https://openalex.org/W4412489393","https://openalex.org/W4414521510","https://openalex.org/W4417064519","https://openalex.org/W7151735117","https://openalex.org/W7161157758","https://openalex.org/W7161174242","https://openalex.org/W7162789697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183483848","https://openalex.org/W4323572196","https://openalex.org/W4390920597","https://openalex.org/W7213332561","https://openalex.org/W4413421274","https://openalex.org/W4406145717","https://openalex.org/W4387296895","https://openalex.org/W7201955859","https://openalex.org/W4389442943","https://openalex.org/W4394622586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Calendar":[0],"aging":[1,30],"is":[2,185],"a":[3,140,215],"major":[4],"degradation":[5,55,221],"pathway":[6],"for":[7,218],"silicon-containing":[8],"lithium-ion":[9,225],"batteries":[10],"because":[11],"parasitic":[12],"reactions":[13,190],"continue":[14],"during":[15],"open-circuit":[16],"storage,":[17],"consuming":[18],"cyclable":[19],"lithium":[20,91,195],"and":[21,44,63,82,129,155,173,191],"altering":[22],"electrode":[23],"behavior.":[24],"Here,":[25],"we":[26],"investigate":[27],"the":[28,72,101,119,133,144,148,152,163,171,174,206,209],"calendar":[29],"of":[31,71,90,97,108,147,170,194,201,211],"three-electrode":[32],"cells,":[33],"with":[34,118],"LiNi":[35],"0.8":[36],"Mn":[37],"0.1":[38,40],"Co":[39],"O":[41],"2":[42],"(NMC811)":[43],"silicon":[45],"(Si)":[46],"electrodes,":[47,99],"over":[48],"an":[49],"11-month":[50],"period":[51],"to":[52,68,104],"identify":[53],"electrode-specific":[54,220],"mechanisms.":[56],"Capacity":[57],"measurements,":[58],"voltage-relaxation":[59,212],"analysis,":[60],"impedance":[61,84,167],"evaluation":[62],"post-test":[64],"characterization":[65],"were":[66],"used":[67],"monitor":[69],"evolution":[70,169],"individual":[73],"electrodes.":[74],"The":[75],"Si":[76,149,156,175],"anode":[77,166],"dominates":[78],"full-cell":[79],"voltage":[80],"relaxation":[81],"discharge":[83],"throughout":[85],"aging,":[86],"while":[87],"progressive":[88],"loss":[89,184,193,200],"inventory":[92,196],"continuously":[93],"shifts":[94],"operating":[95],"windows":[96],"both":[98],"forcing":[100],"NMC811":[102,154],"cathode":[103],"increasingly":[105],"higher":[106],"states":[107],"delithiation.":[109],"Voltage-relaxation":[110],"analysis":[111,213],"reveals":[112],"two":[113],"kinetically":[114],"distinct":[115],"equilibration":[116],"processes,":[117],"longer-timescale":[120],"process":[121],"evolving":[122],"systematically":[123],"within":[124],"each":[125],"month-long":[126],"storage":[127],"interval":[128],"partially":[130],"resetting":[131],"following":[132],"reference":[134],"performance":[135],"test":[136],"(RPT)":[137],"cycling":[138],"indicating":[139],"strong":[141],"dependence":[142],"on":[143],"electrochemical":[145],"history":[146],"electrode.":[150],"Although":[151],"harvested":[153],"electrodes":[157],"exhibit":[158],"only":[159],"minor":[160],"capacity":[161,183],"loss,":[162],"increase":[164],"in":[165,223],"demonstrates":[168],"SEI":[172],"interfacial":[176,189],"environment.":[177],"These":[178],"results":[179,207],"indicate":[180],"that":[181],"calendar-aging-induced":[182],"governed":[186],"primarily":[187],"by":[188],"associated":[192],"rather":[197],"than":[198],"extensive":[199],"active":[202],"material.":[203],"More":[204],"broadly,":[205],"demonstrate":[208],"utility":[210],"as":[214],"non-destructive":[216],"diagnostic":[217],"resolving":[219],"mechanisms":[222],"Si-containing":[224],"cells.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}