{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224224938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","title":"Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the AASPIRE Social Support Scale for Autistic Adults","display_name":"Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the AASPIRE Social Support Scale for Autistic Adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224224938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.29.26366606.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.29.26366606.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527497","display_name":"Wei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-8038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-8038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-8038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011867888","display_name":"Todd C. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-9318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-9318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd C. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-9318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160130685","display_name":"Mary Baker Ericzen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-6536","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-6536"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Baker-Ericz\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA","San Diego State University, Interwork Institute, Child"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-6536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University, Interwork Institute, Child","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007094577","display_name":"Willi Horner\u2010Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-1400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-1400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willi Horner-Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR AND Oregon Health & Science University \u2013 Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR AND Oregon Health & Science University \u2013 Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244","https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064656548","display_name":"Rachel Kripke-Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-3816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-3816"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Ludwig-Kripke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academic Autism Spectrum Partnership in Research and Education, Portland, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-3816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academic Autism Spectrum Partnership in Research and Education, Portland, Oregon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091595067","display_name":"Steven K. Kapp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-1688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-1688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven K. Kapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Sport, and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-1688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Sport, and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084589291","display_name":"Katherine McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-7978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-7978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine E. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049543252","display_name":"Ian Moura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-1096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-1096"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6902469","display_name":"Brandeis University","ror":"https://ror.org/05abbep66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Moura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-1096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071890053","display_name":"Liu\u2010Qin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3910-0653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3910-0653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu-Qin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3910-0653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032103177","display_name":"Julie Lounds Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3904-3476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3904-3476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Lounds Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics and Special Education, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics and Special Education, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110286756","display_name":"Joseph Vera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4289-3660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4289-3660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph W. Vera","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4289-3660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088417390","display_name":"Christina Nicolaidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-5956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-5956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Nicolaidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon","School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101527497"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.26339998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autistic-adults","display_name":"autistic adults","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-validation","display_name":"psychometric validation","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promis","display_name":"PROMIS","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-invariance","display_name":"measurement invariance","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caregiver-reports","display_name":"caregiver reports","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-isolation","display_name":"social isolation","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/companionship","display_name":"companionship","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-support","display_name":"emotional support","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informational-support","display_name":"information support","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practical-support","display_name":"practical support","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-participatory-research","display_name":"community-based participatory research","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.7732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018916638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752118","display_name":"Emotional support","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.29.26366606.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.29.26366606","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.29.26366606.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224224938.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224224938.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963742443","https://openalex.org/W1985138737","https://openalex.org/W2002784184","https://openalex.org/W2012376464","https://openalex.org/W2014323427","https://openalex.org/W2037272442","https://openalex.org/W2055461003","https://openalex.org/W2083239751","https://openalex.org/W2095938341","https://openalex.org/W2110239954","https://openalex.org/W2126485481","https://openalex.org/W2137512884","https://openalex.org/W2156690253","https://openalex.org/W2162605717","https://openalex.org/W2171034199","https://openalex.org/W2697534593","https://openalex.org/W2733243365","https://openalex.org/W2752413683","https://openalex.org/W2768352759","https://openalex.org/W2795570578","https://openalex.org/W2800039438","https://openalex.org/W2805201924","https://openalex.org/W2926826419","https://openalex.org/W2946307147","https://openalex.org/W2969135910","https://openalex.org/W3008675651","https://openalex.org/W3206518477","https://openalex.org/W4220740604","https://openalex.org/W4220790656","https://openalex.org/W4281255505","https://openalex.org/W4310260807","https://openalex.org/W4313567965","https://openalex.org/W4376106804","https://openalex.org/W4383187533","https://openalex.org/W4411045918","https://openalex.org/W4417524937","https://openalex.org/W7140297411","https://openalex.org/W7161111100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223135178","https://openalex.org/W7140297411","https://openalex.org/W7146988763","https://openalex.org/W7220840980","https://openalex.org/W2639258924","https://openalex.org/W2016419549","https://openalex.org/W3008810730","https://openalex.org/W128405832","https://openalex.org/W3145775781","https://openalex.org/W2965818885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Social":[2,55,81,95,224,267],"support":[3,19,70,125,156,183,218,225,237,247,280,296,310,320],"is":[4,270],"associated":[5],"with":[6,28,124,172,246,306],"health,":[7],"well-being,":[8],"and":[9,39,94,112,144,161,193,207,238,259,274,293,309,321,326],"quality":[10],"of":[11,52,278,324],"life":[12],"among":[13],"autistic":[14,29,35,45,103,282,304,330],"adults,":[15],"yet":[16],"existing":[17],"social":[18,69,155,182,217,279,319],"measures":[20],"have":[21,40],"important":[22],"limitations.":[23],"Many":[24],"were":[25,99],"not":[26,262],"developed":[27],"people,":[30],"may":[31,314],"be":[32,315],"difficult":[33],"for":[34,189,281,317],"adults":[36,104,305],"to":[37,302],"use,":[38],"limited":[41],"psychometric":[42,50],"evidence":[43],"in":[44,154,299],"populations.":[46,332],"We":[47,132,150],"evaluated":[48,133],"the":[49,53,113,120,177,190,212,215,244,322],"properties":[51,287],"AASPIRE":[54,80,266],"Support":[56,82,268],"Scale,":[57],"an":[58,271],"autism-informed":[59],"measure":[60,121,245,277],"adapted":[61],"from":[62,101],"Patient-Reported":[63],"Outcomes":[64],"Measurement":[65,198],"Information":[66],"System":[67],"(PROMIS)":[68],"scales":[71],"through":[72,106,128,249],"a":[73],"community-based":[74],"participatory":[75],"research":[76],"process.":[77],"Methods":[78],"The":[79,165,265,312],"Scale":[83,269],"assesses":[84],"five":[85,178],"domains:":[86],"Companionship,":[87],"Emotional":[88],"Support,":[89,91,93],"Informational":[90],"Practical":[92],"Isolation.":[96],"Baseline":[97],"data":[98],"analyzed":[100],"859":[102],"recruited":[105],"healthcare":[107],"systems,":[108,111],"disability":[109],"service":[110],"broader":[114],"U.S.":[115],"autism":[116],"community.":[117],"Participants":[118],"completed":[119],"independently":[122,233],"(n=600),":[123],"(n=189),":[126],"or":[127,248],"caregiver":[129,208,250,294],"report":[130,295],"(n=70).":[131],"content":[134],"validity,":[135],"structural":[136],"validity":[137],"using":[138],"confirmatory":[139],"factor":[140],"analysis,":[141],"internal":[142],"consistency,":[143],"measurement":[145,286],"invariance":[146,199],"across":[147,202,221,228,288,328],"reporting":[148,159,222,229,232],"approaches.":[149,223],"also":[151,254],"explored":[152],"differences":[153,256],"scores":[157,226],"by":[158,257],"approach":[160],"participant":[162],"characteristics.":[163],"Results":[164],"hypothesized":[166],"five-factor":[167],"structure":[168],"demonstrated":[169],"good":[170],"fit,":[171],"strong":[173],"item":[174],"loadings":[175],"supporting":[176],"distinct":[179],"but":[180,261],"related":[181],"domains.":[184],"Internal":[185],"consistency":[186],"was":[187,200],"high":[188],"total":[191],"scale":[192,213,313],"all":[194],"subscales":[195],"(Cronbach\u2019s":[196],"\u03b1=.87\u2013.95).":[197],"supported":[201,205,291],"independent":[203,289],"direct-report,":[204,206,290,292],"report,":[209],"indicating":[210],"that":[211],"measured":[214],"underlying":[216],"domains":[219],"similarly":[220],"differed":[227],"groups:":[230],"participants":[231,242],"generally":[234],"reported":[235],"less":[236],"greater":[239],"isolation":[240],"than":[241],"completing":[243],"report.":[251],"Exploratory":[252],"analyses":[253],"identified":[255],"age":[258],"gender,":[260],"race.":[263],"Conclusions":[264],"accessible,":[272],"reliable,":[273],"valid":[275],"multidimensional":[276],"adults.":[283],"Its":[284],"comparable":[285],"its":[297],"use":[298],"studies":[300],"seeking":[301],"include":[303],"diverse":[307],"communication":[308],"needs.":[311],"useful":[316],"evaluating":[318],"effectiveness":[323],"services":[325],"interventions":[327],"heterogeneous":[329],"adult":[331]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}