{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224222871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","title":"Integrated Assessment of Water Quality and Organic Pollutants in Iyiochi and Iyigbo Waters, Owerre-Ezukala, Anambra State during the Rainy Season","display_name":"Integrated Assessment of Water Quality and Organic Pollutants in Iyiochi and Iyigbo Waters, Owerre-Ezukala, Anambra State during the Rainy Season","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224222871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209780","display_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","issn_l":"2456-7779","issn":["2456-7779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160066628","display_name":"Umeh Joel I.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261346","display_name":"National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/055qj3x26","country_code":"NG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266500","display_name":"Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu","ror":"https://ror.org/03cq5wk12","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266500"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umeh Joel I.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electroplating Unit, Department of Manufacturing Services, Scientific Equipment Development Institute (SEDI) \u2013 NASENI, Faidna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electroplating Unit, Department of Manufacturing Services, Scientific Equipment Development Institute (SEDI) \u2013 NASENI, Faidna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261346","https://openalex.org/I4405266500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160143383","display_name":"Udeozo Ifeoma P.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Udeozo Ifeoma P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160105341","display_name":"Nsude Okechukwu P.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nsude Okechukwu P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160100319","display_name":"Ukpai Chima A.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261346","display_name":"National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/055qj3x26","country_code":"NG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266268","display_name":"Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/01pe8qc28","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266268"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266500","display_name":"Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu","ror":"https://ror.org/03cq5wk12","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266500"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ukpai Chima A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plastic Recycling Unit, Department of Manufacturing Services, Scientific Equipment Development Institute (SEDI) \u2013 NASENI, Faidna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plastic Recycling Unit, Department of Manufacturing Services, Scientific Equipment Development Institute (SEDI) \u2013 NASENI, Faidna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261346","https://openalex.org/I4405266268","https://openalex.org/I4405266500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160100611","display_name":"Uche Ifeoma C.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261346","display_name":"National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/055qj3x26","country_code":"NG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266268","display_name":"Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/01pe8qc28","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266268"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266500","display_name":"Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu","ror":"https://ror.org/03cq5wk12","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266500"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uche Ifeoma C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plastic Recycling Unit, Department of Manufacturing Services, Scientific Equipment Development Institute (SEDI) \u2013 NASENI, Faidna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plastic Recycling Unit, Department of Manufacturing Services, Scientific Equipment Development Institute (SEDI) \u2013 NASENI, Faidna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261346","https://openalex.org/I4405266268","https://openalex.org/I4405266500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71895279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"143","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"water quality","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-pollution","display_name":"heavy metal contamination","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-pollutants","display_name":"organic pollutants","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-season","display_name":"rainy season","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbidity","display_name":"turbidity","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-index","display_name":"pollution index","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-index","display_name":"metal index","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum","display_name":"aluminum","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium","display_name":"chromium","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron","display_name":"iron","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate","display_name":"nitrate","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate","display_name":"phosphate","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-water-supply","display_name":"domestic water supply","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-water-sources","display_name":"rural water sources","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7878000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.7508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.6567000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.6378999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.5953999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5702999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52322663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117517","display_name":"Wet season","level":2,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42090638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048907","display_name":"STREAMS","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9777977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146575","display_name":"Dry season","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33619061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655346","display_name":"Atomic absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129360787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466917","display_name":"Total dissolved solids","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777777548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206040","display_name":"Mercury (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209780","display_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","issn_l":"2456-7779","issn":["2456-7779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalajopacs.com:article/358","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalajopacs.com/index.php/AJOPACS/article/view/358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209780","display_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","issn_l":"2456-7779","issn":["2456-7779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2456-7779","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05844955v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05844955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 2026, 14 (4), pp.143-159","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2026/v14i4358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209780","display_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","issn_l":"2456-7779","issn":["2456-7779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388705206","https://openalex.org/W2185210437","https://openalex.org/W2135187311","https://openalex.org/W7120216878","https://openalex.org/W7221209229","https://openalex.org/W7215534303","https://openalex.org/W4414666538","https://openalex.org/W7128495563","https://openalex.org/W2793049577","https://openalex.org/W2058871833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Access":[0],"to":[1,142,234],"safe":[2],"water":[3,35,94,152,222,259,278],"remains":[4,58],"a":[5],"significant":[6],"concern":[7],"in":[8,54,77,220,228,248],"rural":[9],"communities":[10],"of":[11,21,48,70,146,150,168,174,212],"Nigeria,":[12,83],"where":[13],"springs":[14],"and":[15,30,44,51,66,73,104,121,136,148,177,182,218,239,245,276],"streams":[16],"serve":[17],"as":[18],"important":[19],"sources":[20],"domestic":[22,266],"water.":[23],"During":[24],"the":[25,41,63,85,144,151,165,242,249,254,271],"rainy":[26,86],"season,":[27],"surface":[28],"runoff":[29],"anthropogenic":[31],"activities":[32],"may":[33],"increase":[34],"contamination.":[36],"However,":[37],"comparative":[38],"information":[39],"on":[40],"physicochemical":[42,64,107,155],"characteristics":[43,65],"heavy":[45,67,124],"metal":[46,68,207],"contamination":[47,69,147,227,236],"Iyiochi":[49,71,181],"spring":[50,72],"Iyigbo":[52,74,251],"stream":[53,75],"Owerre-Ezukala,":[55,80],"Anambra":[56,81],"State,":[57,82],"limited.":[59],"This":[60],"study":[61],"assessed":[62],"waters":[76],"Iyiafor":[78],"Village,":[79],"during":[84],"season.":[87],"Water":[88],"samples":[89],"were":[90,126,140,157,190],"collected":[91],"from":[92],"both":[93,221],"bodies":[95],"at":[96],"different":[97],"locations":[98],"over":[99],"three":[100],"months":[101],"(July\u2013September":[102],"2025)":[103],"analyzed":[105],"for":[106,180,192,201,264,273],"parameters,":[108],"including":[109],"pH,":[110],"conductivity,":[111],"temperature,":[112],"turbidity,":[113],"chloride,":[114],"total":[115],"dissolved":[116],"solids,":[117],"sulphate,":[118],"phosphate,":[119],"nitrate":[120],"hardness.":[122],"Selected":[123],"metals":[125],"determined":[127],"using":[128],"atomic":[129],"absorption":[130],"spectrometry,":[131],"while":[132],"Pollution":[133,187],"Index":[134,138,188],"(PI)":[135],"Metal":[137,230],"(MI)":[139],"employed":[141],"evaluate":[143],"degree":[145],"suitability":[149],"sources.":[153],"Most":[154],"parameters":[156],"within":[158],"WHO/USEPA":[159],"permissible":[160],"limits;":[161],"however,":[162],"turbidity":[163],"exceeded":[164],"recommended":[166],"limit":[167],"5":[169],"NTU,":[170],"with":[171,199,224],"mean":[172,186],"values":[173,189],"18.77":[175],"NTU":[176,179],"65.07":[178],"Iyigbo,":[183,202],"respectively.":[184],"The":[185],"0.59\u20130.64":[191],"Iyiochi,":[193],"indicating":[194,203],"acceptable":[195],"pollution":[196],"levels,":[197],"compared":[198],"1.20\u20132.66":[200],"slight":[204],"pollution.":[205],"Heavy":[206],"analysis":[208],"revealed":[209],"elevated":[210],"concentrations":[211],"Pb,":[213],"Fe,":[214],"Cd,":[215],"Al,":[216],"Ni":[217],"Cr":[219,247],"bodies,":[223],"comparatively":[225],"higher":[226],"Iyigbo.":[229],"indices":[231],"indicated":[232],"high":[233],"severe":[235],"by":[237,246],"Al":[238],"Cd":[240],"throughout":[241],"sampling":[243],"period":[244],"September":[250],"sample.":[252],"Overall,":[253],"findings":[255],"indicate":[256],"that":[257],"neither":[258],"source":[260],"was":[261],"entirely":[262],"suitable":[263],"direct":[265],"use":[267],"without":[268],"treatment,":[269],"underscoring":[270],"need":[272],"regular":[274],"monitoring":[275],"appropriate":[277],"treatment":[279],"before":[280],"consumption.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
