{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224217064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","title":"Missed Opportunities for Chronic Kidney Disease Recognition in Irish Primary Care: A Nationwide Electronic Health Record Study","display_name":"Missed Opportunities for Chronic Kidney Disease Recognition in Irish Primary Care: A Nationwide Electronic Health Record Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224217064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.26366613.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.26366613.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001128653","display_name":"Benjamin M. Jacob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-064X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-064X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin M. Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-064X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120091759","display_name":"Keelan Eyers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keelan Eyers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103327537","display_name":"Michael M. Hayes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142762351","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARQ Research Network, Dublin, Ireland","Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland","Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARQ Research Network, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103049291","display_name":"Harriet A. Dickinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-2820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-2820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112752","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jnnpe14","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330995197","https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harriet Dickinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021881646","display_name":"Danyao Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-0434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-0434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112752","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jnnpe14","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330995197","https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danyao Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-0434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087354310","display_name":"Aoife Coughlan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-4688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-4688"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aoife Coughlan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160117607","display_name":"Emma Ryan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112752","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jnnpe14","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330995197","https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048026499","display_name":"Benjamin van Hecke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112752","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jnnpe14","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330995197","https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin van Hecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082045350","display_name":"Patrick Redmond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-2018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-2018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142762351","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Redmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005351139","display_name":"Austin G. Stack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8930-5382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8930-5382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Austin Stack","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031585033","display_name":"Donal J. Sexton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-632X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-632X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donal Sexton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066874763","display_name":"Donal Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0935-7088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0935-7088"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donal Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centric Health, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001128653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-coding","display_name":"diagnosis coding","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icd-10","display_name":"ICD-10","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icpc-2","display_name":"ICPC-2","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease-staging","display_name":"CKD staging","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiometabolic-comorbidities","display_name":"cardiometabolic comorbidities","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-level-variation","display_name":"practice-level variation","score":0.8980000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8938000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.8151999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142","display_name":"Irish","level":2,"score":0.7531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.6843000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.6384999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5788000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45827449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270338","display_name":"Diagnosis code","level":3,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992987738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630451","display_name":"Hospital records","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908964109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282128","display_name":"Patient registry","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163432668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623543","display_name":"Primary health care","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.26366613.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366613","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/29/2026.10.27.26366613.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224217064.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224217064.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229063643","https://openalex.org/W6982392983","https://openalex.org/W4304203046","https://openalex.org/W7160164413","https://openalex.org/W3130271767","https://openalex.org/W4415426582","https://openalex.org/W4406801985","https://openalex.org/W4213242994","https://openalex.org/W3163856981","https://openalex.org/W2771551847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objectives":[1],"To":[2],"examine":[3],"chronic":[4],"kidney":[5],"disease":[6,96],"(CKD)":[7],"diagnostic":[8],"coding":[9,48,135,157,175],"in":[10,100,105,158],"Irish":[11,33,159],"primary":[12,34,160],"care":[13,35,161],"using":[14],"electronic":[15],"health":[16],"records":[17],"(EHRs).":[18],"Methods":[19],"This":[20,151],"retrospective":[21],"cohort":[22],"study":[23,154],"used":[24],"EHR":[25],"data":[26],"from":[27,98],"592,888":[28],"active":[29],"patients":[30,117,144],"across":[31],"66":[32],"practices.":[36,72,173],"Adults":[37],"aged":[38],"\u226520":[39],"years":[40],"meeting":[41],"laboratory-based":[42],"CKD":[43,47,68,79,90,156,181],"criteria":[44],"were":[45,63],"identified.":[46],"was":[49,126],"defined":[50],"by":[51,67,110],"the":[52],"presence":[53],"of":[54,116,131,155],"an":[55],"ICD-10":[56],"or":[57],"ICPC-2":[58],"diagnosis":[59,91],"code.":[60,92],"Coding":[61,93],"rates":[62,136],"evaluated":[64],"overall":[65],"and":[66,71,108,177,186],"stages,":[69],"comorbidities,":[70],"Results":[73],"Among":[74],"19,382":[75],"adults":[76],"with":[77,95,113,128,169],"laboratory-confirmed":[78],"(median":[80],"age":[81],"76":[82],"years;":[83],"55.7%":[84],"female),":[85],"14.6%":[86],"had":[87],"a":[88],"documented":[89],"increased":[94],"severity,":[97],"4.8%":[99],"stages":[101,106],"1-2":[102],"to":[103],"19.6%":[104],"3-5,":[107],"varied":[109],"comorbidity":[111],"burden,":[112],"only":[114],"10.1%":[115],"without":[118],"major":[119],"cardiometabolic":[120],"comorbidities":[121],"coded.":[122],"Substantial":[123],"practice-level":[124],"variation":[125,171],"observed,":[127],"over":[129],"half":[130],"practices":[132],"(34/61)":[133],"recording":[134],"below":[137],"10%,":[138],"while":[139],"four":[140],"exceeded":[141],"40%.":[142],"Most":[143],"(85.4%)":[145],"remained":[146],"uncoded":[147],"throughout":[148],"follow-up.":[149],"Conclusions":[150],"first":[152],"nationwide":[153],"network":[162],"demonstrates":[163],"substantial":[164],"under-coding":[165],"despite":[166],"laboratory":[167],"evidence,":[168],"marked":[170],"between":[172],"Improving":[174],"consistency":[176],"completeness":[178],"may":[179],"enhance":[180],"recognition,":[182],"support":[183],"earlier":[184],"intervention,":[185],"improve":[187],"patient":[188],"outcomes.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
