{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224213400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","title":"A Hybrid PLS-SEM\u2013ANN\u2013Fuzzy Logic Framework for Modelling Digital, Social, and Emotional Drivers of Generation-Z Heritage Tourism","display_name":"A Hybrid PLS-SEM\u2013ANN\u2013Fuzzy Logic Framework for Modelling Digital, Social, and Emotional Drivers of Generation-Z Heritage Tourism","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224213400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/tourhosp7110363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223062","display_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","issn_l":"2673-5768","issn":["2673-5768"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616474","display_name":"Aditi Nag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-6945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-6945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73779912","display_name":"Manipal University Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/040h76494","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aditi Nag","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Design, Faculty of Science, Technology and Architecture, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-6945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Design, Faculty of Science, Technology and Architecture, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100616474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87675358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"11","first_page":"363","last_page":"363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generation-z","display_name":"Generation Z","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritage-tourism","display_name":"heritage tourism","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-influence","display_name":"social media influence","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-influence","display_name":"peer influence","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-drivers","display_name":"emotional drivers","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritage-activation","display_name":"heritage activation","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersive-cultural-experience","display_name":"immersive cultural experience","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-behavior","display_name":"tourist behavior","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7235999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781205358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559423","display_name":"Heritage tourism","level":4,"score":0.6870999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272","display_name":"Cultural heritage","level":2,"score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163007329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106679114","display_name":"Social emotional learning","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93371752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572824","display_name":"Cultural heritage management","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780639617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6516972","display_name":"Quadrant (abdomen)","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/tourhosp7110363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223062","display_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","issn_l":"2673-5768","issn":["2673-5768"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/tourhosp7110363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7110363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223062","display_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","issn_l":"2673-5768","issn":["2673-5768"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990916761","https://openalex.org/W1994470383","https://openalex.org/W2000122067","https://openalex.org/W2018502304","https://openalex.org/W2019078893","https://openalex.org/W2023302438","https://openalex.org/W2046550886","https://openalex.org/W2083072004","https://openalex.org/W2110734380","https://openalex.org/W2126164224","https://openalex.org/W2131113076","https://openalex.org/W2317943193","https://openalex.org/W2467696562","https://openalex.org/W2791544596","https://openalex.org/W2793268236","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2912835522","https://openalex.org/W2967249353","https://openalex.org/W2987626811","https://openalex.org/W3171511330","https://openalex.org/W3181575235","https://openalex.org/W3188786639","https://openalex.org/W3207102352","https://openalex.org/W3215143159","https://openalex.org/W3215900542","https://openalex.org/W4249532312","https://openalex.org/W4284974144","https://openalex.org/W4289551632","https://openalex.org/W4320726286","https://openalex.org/W4367321917","https://openalex.org/W4376137988","https://openalex.org/W4381278661","https://openalex.org/W4385201348","https://openalex.org/W4389107931","https://openalex.org/W4391014561","https://openalex.org/W4392884747","https://openalex.org/W4393200688","https://openalex.org/W4393305099","https://openalex.org/W4397012814","https://openalex.org/W4399674636","https://openalex.org/W4401269966","https://openalex.org/W4401442410","https://openalex.org/W4401929560","https://openalex.org/W4402250097","https://openalex.org/W4402948745","https://openalex.org/W4403096196","https://openalex.org/W4405113499","https://openalex.org/W4407163489","https://openalex.org/W4408416703","https://openalex.org/W4408673121","https://openalex.org/W4409446025","https://openalex.org/W4410225681","https://openalex.org/W4410326158","https://openalex.org/W4410397663","https://openalex.org/W4411034626","https://openalex.org/W4411245772","https://openalex.org/W4411401041","https://openalex.org/W4411643168","https://openalex.org/W4411877681","https://openalex.org/W4411895735","https://openalex.org/W4412998500","https://openalex.org/W4413284074","https://openalex.org/W4413312693","https://openalex.org/W4416781208","https://openalex.org/W7116300552","https://openalex.org/W7117302222","https://openalex.org/W7118067458","https://openalex.org/W7123359321","https://openalex.org/W7154474474","https://openalex.org/W7154834511","https://openalex.org/W7155067055","https://openalex.org/W7155690273","https://openalex.org/W7160421114","https://openalex.org/W7160660735","https://openalex.org/W7162324469","https://openalex.org/W7164833864","https://openalex.org/W7164878324","https://openalex.org/W7164898168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172265388","https://openalex.org/W7154945775","https://openalex.org/W4381154909","https://openalex.org/W7203754990","https://openalex.org/W7216496058","https://openalex.org/W7092183873","https://openalex.org/W7128597535","https://openalex.org/W7117724642","https://openalex.org/W4414330561","https://openalex.org/W7220714387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generation":[0],"Z":[1],"(Gen-Z)":[2],"is":[3,15],"emerging":[4],"as":[5],"an":[6,30],"important":[7],"tourism":[8,13,161],"market":[9],"segment":[10],"whose":[11],"heritage":[12,141,160],"behaviour":[14],"shaped":[16],"by":[17,106],"digital,":[18],"social,":[19],"emotional,":[20],"and":[21,27,45,62,87,111,126,153],"experiential":[22,100],"factors.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"develops":[26],"empirically":[28],"examines":[29],"OR-AI":[31],"framework":[32],"integrating":[33],"Partial":[34],"Least":[35],"Squares":[36],"Structural":[37],"Equation":[38],"Modelling":[39],"(PLS-SEM),":[40],"Artificial":[41],"Neural":[42],"Networks":[43],"(ANNs),":[44],"Fuzzy":[46],"Logic":[47],"(FL)":[48],"to":[49,118],"investigate":[50],"relationships":[51],"among":[52],"Social":[53],"Media":[54],"Influence,":[55,57],"Peer-Based":[56],"Initial":[58],"Triggers,":[59],"Emotional":[60],"Drivers,":[61],"Experiential":[63],"Preferences.":[64],"Survey":[65],"data":[66],"from":[67],"150":[68],"Gen-Z":[69,121,159],"respondents":[70],"were":[71],"analysed":[72],"through":[73],"a":[74,137],"multi-stage":[75],"approach.":[76],"PLS-SEM":[77],"identified":[78],"the":[79,95,120,146],"strongest":[80,96],"structural":[81],"association":[82,98],"between":[83],"social":[84],"media":[85],"influence":[86],"initial":[88],"trip":[89],"triggers,":[90],"while":[91],"emotional":[92],"drivers":[93],"showed":[94],"direct":[97],"with":[99],"preferences.":[101],"ANNs":[102],"complemented":[103],"this":[104],"analysis":[105],"identifying":[107],"model-relative":[108],"predictive":[109],"importance":[110],"potential":[112,147],"nonlinear":[113],"patterns.":[114],"FL":[115],"was":[116],"used":[117],"derive":[119],"Heritage":[122,127],"Activation":[123,128],"Quadrant":[124],"(GZ-HAQ)":[125],"Index":[129],"(HAI).":[130],"The":[131],"resulting":[132],"HAI":[133],"of":[134,140,149],"0.224":[135],"indicated":[136],"low":[138],"level":[139],"activation.":[142],"These":[143],"findings":[144],"highlight":[145],"value":[148],"immersive":[150],"cultural":[151],"experiences":[152],"emotionally":[154],"engaging":[155],"interpretation":[156],"in":[157],"strengthening":[158],"involvement.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}