{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224200807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","title":"Epistemic Injustice in Algorithmic Systems: A Frickerian Analysis of AI-Driven Knowledge Production","display_name":"Epistemic Injustice in Algorithmic Systems: A Frickerian Analysis of AI-Driven Knowledge Production","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224200807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","pdf_url":"http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/j.mlr.20261102.15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210945","display_name":"Machine Learning Research","issn_l":"2637-5672","issn":["2637-5672","2637-5680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319272","host_organization_name":"Science Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/j.mlr.20261102.15","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160146126","display_name":"Joel Charo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0398-2242","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0398-2242"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I294845491","display_name":"Technical University of Mombasa","ror":"https://ror.org/01grm2d66","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I294845491"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joel Charo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing and Informatics, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0398-2242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing and Informatics, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I294845491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116388282","display_name":"Kennedy Ondimu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I294845491","display_name":"Technical University of Mombasa","ror":"https://ror.org/01grm2d66","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I294845491"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kennedy Ondimu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing and Informatics, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing and Informatics, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I294845491"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160146126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I294845491"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87460082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"128","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.038600001484155655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-injustice","display_name":"epistemic injustice","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miranda-fricker","display_name":"Miranda Fricker","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testimonial-injustice","display_name":"testimonial injustice","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hermeneutical-injustice","display_name":"hermeneutical injustice","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-systems","display_name":"algorithmic systems","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"credibility","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biased-training-data","display_name":"biased training data","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy-variables","display_name":"proxy variables","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-classification","display_name":"automatic classification","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-moderation","display_name":"algorithmic moderation","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-opacity","display_name":"AI opacity","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contestability","display_name":"contestability","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provenance","display_name":"provenance","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-accountability","display_name":"institutional accountability","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics","display_name":"AI ethics","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-systems","display_name":"socio-technical systems","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7225000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778637750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1795654","display_name":"Testimonial","level":2,"score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.5803999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777266375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770480","display_name":"Injustice","level":2,"score":0.5250999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589301","display_name":"Social epistemology","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358652","display_name":"Deliberation","level":3,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75923793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74950","display_name":"Objectivism","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","pdf_url":"http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/j.mlr.20261102.15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210945","display_name":"Machine Learning Research","issn_l":"2637-5672","issn":["2637-5672","2637-5680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319272","host_organization_name":"Science Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mlr.20261102.15","pdf_url":"http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/j.mlr.20261102.15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210945","display_name":"Machine Learning Research","issn_l":"2637-5672","issn":["2637-5672","2637-5680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319272","host_organization_name":"Science Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224200807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224200807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531627077","https://openalex.org/W2068670115","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W3040416015","https://openalex.org/W3122548859","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3157172840","https://openalex.org/W4206597645","https://openalex.org/W4252633962","https://openalex.org/W4327944372","https://openalex.org/W4381125108","https://openalex.org/W4383553253","https://openalex.org/W4404518333","https://openalex.org/W4412750889","https://openalex.org/W4415727275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416236958","https://openalex.org/W7081930669","https://openalex.org/W4404518333","https://openalex.org/W4412750889","https://openalex.org/W7056331293","https://openalex.org/W7118028861","https://openalex.org/W4404518353","https://openalex.org/W7163419021","https://openalex.org/W7165650597","https://openalex.org/W7164583652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"is":[2,39],"playing":[3],"a":[4,68,237,243],"great":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,75,87,99,104,147,204,217,253],"the":[8,84,105,134,148,168,189,207],"production,":[9],"classification,":[10],"retrieval,":[11],"and":[12,26,48,92,150,161,201,225,245],"communication":[13],"of":[14,64,107,171],"knowledge.":[15],"Tools":[16],"like":[17],"large":[18],"language":[19],"models,":[20],"recommender":[21],"systems,":[22,25,129],"automated":[23,131],"decision-making":[24],"search":[27],"engines":[28],"do":[29],"more":[30],"than":[31],"just":[32],"process":[33],"information;":[34],"they":[35],"shape":[36],"whose":[37],"testimony":[38],"heard,":[40],"which":[41,49],"concepts":[42],"become":[43],"available":[44],"for":[45,248],"interpreting":[46],"experience,":[47],"claims":[50],"are":[51,144],"treated":[52],"as":[53,236,242],"credible":[54],"or":[55,130,187],"important.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58,164,208],"argues":[59,166],"that":[60,153,167,192,251],"Miranda":[61],"Fricker's":[62],"theory":[63],"epistemic":[65,190,211,232],"injustice":[66,111,138],"offers":[67],"strong":[69],"framework":[70,213,230],"to":[71,96,101,157,184],"ethically":[72],"identify":[73],"shortcomings":[74],"AI-enabled":[76],"knowledge":[77,255],"production;":[78],"however,":[79],"it":[80],"also":[81],"suggests":[82],"that,":[83],"distinction":[85],"made":[86],"classical":[88],"accounts":[89],"between":[90],"testimonial":[91],"hermeneutical":[93,137],"injustices":[94],"needs":[95],"be":[97,182],"extended":[98],"order":[100],"address":[102],"them":[103],"context":[106],"sociotechnical":[108],"systems.":[109],"Testimonial":[110],"can":[112,139],"arise":[113],"when":[114,141],"algorithmic":[115],"models":[116],"reproduce":[117],"credibility":[118,219],"deficits":[119],"through":[120],"biased":[121],"training":[122],"data,":[123],"proxy":[124],"variables,":[125],"ranking":[126],"practices,":[127],"moderation":[128],"classification.":[132],"On":[133],"other":[135],"hand,":[136],"emerge":[140],"certain":[142],"communities":[143],"poorly":[145],"represented":[146],"conceptual":[149],"linguistic":[151],"tools":[152],"AI":[154,173,205,249],"systems":[155,174,250],"use":[156],"create":[158],"explanations,":[159],"categories,":[160],"interpretations.":[162],"The":[163,228],"further":[165],"opaque":[169],"nature":[170],"many":[172],"intensifies":[175],"these":[176],"harms":[177],"because":[178],"affected":[179],"persons":[180],"may":[181],"unable":[183],"understand,":[185],"contest,":[186],"correct":[188],"processes":[191],"affect":[193],"them.":[194],"Building":[195],"on":[196,215],"Fricker,":[197],"Floridi,":[198],"Dotson,":[199],"Medina,":[200],"contemporary":[202],"work":[203],"ethics,":[206],"develops":[209],"an":[210],"justice":[212,233],"centred":[214],"adequacy":[216],"represantation,":[218],"protection,":[220],"interpretive":[221],"inclusion,":[222],"contestability,":[223],"provenance,":[224],"institutional":[226],"accountability.":[227],"proposed":[229],"treats":[231],"not":[234],"merely":[235],"desirable":[238],"output":[239],"property":[240],"but":[241],"design":[244],"governance":[246],"requirement":[247],"participate":[252],"consequential":[254],"practices.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}
