{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224176243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","title":"A systematic and causal review of the link between leader-driven psychological safety and work outcomes","display_name":"A systematic and causal review of the link between leader-driven psychological safety and work outcomes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224176243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984326000706/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152304618","display_name":"The Leadership Quarterly","issn_l":"1048-9843","issn":["1048-9843","1873-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Leadership Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984326000706/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041108917","display_name":"Geshwaree Huzooree","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-6636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-6636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geshwaree Huzooree","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Craiglockhart Campus, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Craiglockhart Campus, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052461421","display_name":"Melina Seedoyal Doargajudhur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-9691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-9691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melina Doargajudhur","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Craiglockhart Campus, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Craiglockhart Campus, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159358584","display_name":"Corine de Ruiter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corine de Ruiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032867938","display_name":"Vincent Dutot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-9387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-9387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153298","display_name":"EM Normandie Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/052xwpe12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153298"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260441","display_name":"M\u00e9tis-Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/03rs37749","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260441"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Dutot","raw_affiliation_strings":["EM Normandie, Business School, M\u00e9tis Lab, CERCAP, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EM Normandie, Business School, M\u00e9tis Lab, CERCAP, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153298","https://openalex.org/I4405260441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041108917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88403696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":"102011","last_page":"102011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.08190000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-behavior","display_name":"leadership behavior","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-outcomes","display_name":"work outcomes","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-validity","display_name":"measurement validity","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79897977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054568","display_name":"Causal chain","level":2,"score":0.6948999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.617900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781256819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16828835","display_name":"Antecedent (behavioral psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.5259000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188255311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256388","display_name":"Psychological research","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176743888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862797","display_name":"Observational methods in psychology","level":3,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779513410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351567","display_name":"Credence","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987525970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96374569","display_name":"Causal analysis","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39214371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19483216","display_name":"Organizational behavior","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12621536","display_name":"Judgement","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130497676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045692","display_name":"Industrial and organizational psychology","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9719361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928967","display_name":"Vignette","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186027771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008379","display_name":"Valuation (finance)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777249218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940931","display_name":"Voluntariness","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984326000706/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152304618","display_name":"The Leadership Quarterly","issn_l":"1048-9843","issn":["1048-9843","1873-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Leadership Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:5300903","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/5300903/1/A%20systematic%20and%20causal%20review%20of%20the%20link%20between%20leader-driven%20psychological%20safety%20and%20work%20outcomes","pdf_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/preview/5300911/1-s2.0-S1048984326000706-main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2026.102011","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984326000706/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152304618","display_name":"The Leadership Quarterly","issn_l":"1048-9843","issn":["1048-9843","1873-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Leadership Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224176243.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224176243.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1826582671","https://openalex.org/W1964166581","https://openalex.org/W1967742189","https://openalex.org/W1972801757","https://openalex.org/W1976548852","https://openalex.org/W1993517542","https://openalex.org/W2004921229","https://openalex.org/W2010143351","https://openalex.org/W2020115181","https://openalex.org/W2056534322","https://openalex.org/W2058800825","https://openalex.org/W2064621475","https://openalex.org/W2064843889","https://openalex.org/W2065670864","https://openalex.org/W2067908704","https://openalex.org/W2069249128","https://openalex.org/W2072839215","https://openalex.org/W2074816905","https://openalex.org/W2083836263","https://openalex.org/W2087975300","https://openalex.org/W2094191471","https://openalex.org/W2098756964","https://openalex.org/W2105723039","https://openalex.org/W2114385529","https://openalex.org/W2124045366","https://openalex.org/W2130265624","https://openalex.org/W2132199097","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2137834155","https://openalex.org/W2144336235","https://openalex.org/W2154137818","https://openalex.org/W2155450807","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2156435103","https://openalex.org/W2163220506","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2188429209","https://openalex.org/W2191389583","https://openalex.org/W2281690356","https://openalex.org/W2305842060","https://openalex.org/W2406560806","https://openalex.org/W2410274842","https://openalex.org/W2495600728","https://openalex.org/W2575743457","https://openalex.org/W2581942536","https://openalex.org/W2766115545","https://openalex.org/W2768299709","https://openalex.org/W2785816952","https://openalex.org/W2791196184","https://openalex.org/W2883193679","https://openalex.org/W2892546265","https://openalex.org/W2901476464","https://openalex.org/W2902250654","https://openalex.org/W2910905828","https://openalex.org/W2934462791","https://openalex.org/W2951046369","https://openalex.org/W2995277674","https://openalex.org/W2998593042","https://openalex.org/W3017184450","https://openalex.org/W3030767624","https://openalex.org/W3038783435","https://openalex.org/W3092732965","https://openalex.org/W3120483012","https://openalex.org/W3163060533","https://openalex.org/W3173617142","https://openalex.org/W3183804549","https://openalex.org/W3206251524","https://openalex.org/W4220798446","https://openalex.org/W4283466434","https://openalex.org/W4285676344","https://openalex.org/W4296110808","https://openalex.org/W4304092006","https://openalex.org/W4308945923","https://openalex.org/W4310490479","https://openalex.org/W4310738536","https://openalex.org/W4319016949","https://openalex.org/W4324344822","https://openalex.org/W4372260682","https://openalex.org/W4378070924","https://openalex.org/W4379157377","https://openalex.org/W4385067854","https://openalex.org/W4388500031","https://openalex.org/W4388689104","https://openalex.org/W4391514116","https://openalex.org/W4392157538","https://openalex.org/W4401377277","https://openalex.org/W4401670760","https://openalex.org/W4403848188","https://openalex.org/W4403975170","https://openalex.org/W4404406160","https://openalex.org/W4404455883","https://openalex.org/W4405473334","https://openalex.org/W4405594309","https://openalex.org/W4405992856","https://openalex.org/W4407846860","https://openalex.org/W7118171525","https://openalex.org/W7130861445","https://openalex.org/W7142089823","https://openalex.org/W7160383495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2495600728","https://openalex.org/W2575743457","https://openalex.org/W4400441765","https://openalex.org/W4398143174","https://openalex.org/W7143706182","https://openalex.org/W7204536200","https://openalex.org/W2011135328","https://openalex.org/W7221681946","https://openalex.org/W7171619832","https://openalex.org/W7220538525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leader-driven":[0],"psychological":[1,36,130],"safety":[2,131],"has":[3,38],"attracted":[4],"growing":[5],"organizational":[6],"investment":[7],"and":[8,48,68,79,114,163,187,207,215],"a":[9,46,72,110,156,194,201,209],"rapidly":[10],"expanding":[11],"empirical":[12],"literature,":[13],"yet":[14],"the":[15,19,22,27,52,90,97,102,121,160,165,174,181,218],"causal":[16,55,118,144,153],"quality":[17],"of":[18,57,86,104,137,148,220],"evidence":[20,98,119],"underpinning":[21],"performance":[23],"case,":[24],"that":[25,29,75,84],"is,":[26],"claim":[28],"leader":[30,91,126],"behavior":[31,127],"improves":[32],"work":[33,133],"outcomes":[34],"through":[35,93,128],"safety,":[37],"never":[39],"been":[40],"systematically":[41],"evaluated.":[42],"This":[43],"review":[44],"takes":[45],"critical":[47],"methodological":[49,188],"stance,":[50],"conducting":[51],"first":[53],"systematic":[54],"audit":[56],"47":[58],"articles":[59],"published":[60],"in":[61],"highly":[62],"ranked":[63],"peer-reviewed":[64],"journals":[65],"between":[66],"1990":[67],"January":[69],"2026.":[70],"Applying":[71],"diagnostic":[73,210],"protocol":[74],"evaluates":[76],"concepts,":[77],"measures,":[78],"study":[80,108,116],"design,":[81],"we":[82],"find":[83],"82%":[85],"coded":[87,138,149],"entries":[88,139,150],"operationalize":[89],"antecedent":[92],"follower":[94],"ratings,":[95],"rendering":[96],"causally":[99,203],"indeterminate":[100],"at":[101],"point":[103],"measurement.":[105],"No":[106],"observational":[107],"employs":[109],"design-based":[111],"identification":[112],"strategy,":[113],"no":[115],"provides":[117],"for":[120,159,190],"full":[122],"theoretical":[123,182,186],"chain":[124],"from":[125],"experienced":[129],"to":[132,212],"outcomes.":[134],"Ninety":[135],"percent":[136],"are":[140],"diagnosed":[141],"as":[142],"implausible":[143],"inference.":[145],"Only":[146],"10%":[147],"reach":[151],"partial":[152],"evidence,":[154],"establishing":[155],"credible":[157],"estimate":[158],"antecedent-to-mediator":[161],"link":[162],"leaving":[164],"mediator-to-outcome":[166],"relationship":[167],"descriptive":[168],"only.":[169],"The":[170],"associations":[171],"reported":[172],"across":[173],"literature":[175],"therefore":[176],"neither":[177],"confirm":[178],"nor":[179],"refute":[180],"argument.":[183],"We":[184],"offer":[185],"recommendations":[189],"future":[191],"research,":[192],"provide":[193],"prescriptive":[195],"roadmap":[196],"with":[197],"five":[198],"pathways":[199],"toward":[200],"more":[202],"rigorous":[204],"research":[205],"program,":[206],"introduce":[208],"flowchart":[211],"help":[213],"scholars":[214],"practitioners":[216],"assess":[217],"trustworthiness":[219],"available":[221],"evidence.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-30T00:00:00"}