{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224134693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","title":"Primary Healthcare Leaders\u2019 Perceptions of Relational Leadership: An Action Learning Research Approach","display_name":"Primary Healthcare Leaders\u2019 Perceptions of Relational Leadership: An Action Learning Research Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224134693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42947612","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13714630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jonm/9979506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jonm/9979506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172540258","display_name":"Journal of Nursing Management","issn_l":"0966-0429","issn":["0966-0429","1365-2834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Nursing Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jonm/9979506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077604053","display_name":"Lillian Kalimashe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-8618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-8618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151657","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05rfgws98","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800683076","https://openalex.org/I4210151657"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lillian Kalimashe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Faculty of Health Sciences West Rand District Health Services Gauteng Department of Health  Johannesburg South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-8618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Faculty of Health Sciences West Rand District Health Services Gauteng Department of Health  Johannesburg South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034759218","display_name":"Emmerentia du Plessis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-2021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-2021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmerentia du Plessis","raw_affiliation_strings":["NuMIQ Research Focus Area Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University  Potchefstroom South Africa  nwu.ac.za"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-2021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NuMIQ Research Focus Area Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University  Potchefstroom South Africa  nwu.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025398923","display_name":"Leepile Alfred Sehularo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-6761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-6761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leepile Alfred Sehularo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lifestyle Diseases Research Focus Area Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University  Mafikeng South Africa  nwu.ac.za"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-6761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lifestyle Diseases Research Focus Area Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University  Mafikeng South Africa  nwu.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077604053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151657"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2700},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2700},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83310921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14356","display_name":"Organizational Leadership and Management Strategies","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14356","display_name":"Organizational Leadership and Management Strategies","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.03629999980330467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.01889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-leadership","display_name":"relational leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-leaders","display_name":"nurse leaders","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-centered-care","display_name":"patient-centered care","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-cohesion","display_name":"team cohesion","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust","display_name":"trust","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-communication","display_name":"open communication","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-development","display_name":"leadership development","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"workload","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.6690000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53173841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897444","display_name":"Action research","level":2,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68122502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764527","display_name":"Informed consent","level":3,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183759332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q343680","display_name":"Action learning","level":4,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132413290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307322","display_name":"Reflective practice","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163432668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623543","display_name":"Primary health care","level":3,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C920782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7691652","display_name":"Team learning","level":5,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007857","descriptor_name":"Leadership","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009718","descriptor_name":"Nurse Administrators","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009718","descriptor_name":"Nurse Administrators","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036301","descriptor_name":"Qualitative Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/jonm/9979506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jonm/9979506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172540258","display_name":"Journal of Nursing Management","issn_l":"0966-0429","issn":["0966-0429","1365-2834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Nursing Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13714630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13714630/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13714630/pdf/JONM-2026-9979506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Nurs Manag","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42947612","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42947612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of nursing management","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/jonm/9979506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9979506","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/jonm/9979506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172540258","display_name":"Journal of Nursing Management","issn_l":"0966-0429","issn":["0966-0429","1365-2834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Nursing Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323194","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224134693.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224134693.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2033685034","https://openalex.org/W2763766763","https://openalex.org/W2771402750","https://openalex.org/W2805242271","https://openalex.org/W2823451388","https://openalex.org/W2947357582","https://openalex.org/W2950504429","https://openalex.org/W3014885415","https://openalex.org/W3036063864","https://openalex.org/W3090300533","https://openalex.org/W4213456728","https://openalex.org/W4220858328","https://openalex.org/W4221091940","https://openalex.org/W4225274202","https://openalex.org/W4282917573","https://openalex.org/W4306654987","https://openalex.org/W4311002405","https://openalex.org/W4380290768","https://openalex.org/W4386994129","https://openalex.org/W4387563042","https://openalex.org/W4391650788","https://openalex.org/W4393434738","https://openalex.org/W4400298462","https://openalex.org/W4400690719","https://openalex.org/W4400855047","https://openalex.org/W4404468646","https://openalex.org/W4408557310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415674857","https://openalex.org/W2136397538","https://openalex.org/W2823451388","https://openalex.org/W7131360528","https://openalex.org/W2534813318","https://openalex.org/W7216749027","https://openalex.org/W2576892232","https://openalex.org/W2033979414","https://openalex.org/W4403499837","https://openalex.org/W7211946991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1],"complex":[2],"healthcare":[3,85],"settings,":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,225,234],"primary":[7,84,144],"healthcare,":[8],"effective":[9],"leadership":[10,26,65,266],"is":[11,37,50],"critical":[12],"for":[13,265],"fostering":[14,226],"an":[15],"environment":[16],"that":[17,29],"prioritizes":[18],"patient-centered":[19,236],"care":[20],"and":[21,34,47,62,135,152,195,208,211,217,230,233,243],"strengthened":[22],"team":[23,228],"functioning.":[24],"Effective":[25],"requires":[27],"approaches":[28],"emphasize":[30],"meaningful":[31],"relationships,":[32],"collaboration,":[33],"communication.":[35],"It":[36],"different":[38],"from":[39,114,149,165],"conventional":[40],"leadership,":[41],"which":[42,142],"deals":[43],"with":[44],"delegating":[45],"authority":[46],"tasks.":[48],"Little":[49],"known":[51],"about":[52],"how":[53],"PHC":[54,75,269],"leaders":[55,125],"in":[56,67,87,107,127,268],"under-resourced":[57],"South":[58,82],"African":[59,83],"settings":[60],"perceive":[61],"enact":[63],"relational":[64],"(RL)":[66],"their":[68],"daily":[69],"practice.":[70,248],"AIM:":[71],"This":[72],"study":[73],"explored":[74],"leaders'":[76],"perceptions":[77,253],"of":[78,185,199,219],"RL":[79,207,224],"within":[80],"a":[81,91,177],"setting":[86],"Gauteng":[88],"Province,":[89],"using":[90],"qualitative":[92,100],"action":[93,101,129,187],"learning":[94,102,130,188],"research":[95,103],"approach.":[96],"RESEARCH":[97,122],"DESIGN:":[98],"A":[99],"approach":[104],"was":[105,163],"used":[106],"this":[108],"study.":[109],"The":[110],"data":[111],"were":[112,156],"collected":[113],"April":[115],"2024":[116],"to":[117,213],"September":[118],"2024.":[119],"PARTICIPANTS":[120],"AND":[121],"CONTEXT:":[123],"Ten":[124],"participated":[126],"monthly":[128],"group":[131],"sessions,":[132],"reflective":[133],"journaling,":[134],"collaborative":[136],"discussions":[137],"over":[138],"6":[139],"months,":[140],"during":[141],"the":[143,153,166,186,215],"researcher":[145],"observed":[146],"interactions.":[147],"Data":[148],"transcripts,":[150],"journals,":[151],"observational":[154],"notes":[155],"thematically":[157],"analyzed.":[158],"ETHICAL":[159],"CONSIDERATIONS:":[160],"Ethical":[161],"approval":[162],"obtained":[164],"North-West":[167],"University":[168],"Health":[169],"Research":[170],"Ethics":[171],"Committee":[172],"(NWU-00041-23-A1).":[173],"All":[174],"participants":[175],"signed":[176],"written":[178],"informed":[179],"consent":[180],"form":[181],"before":[182],"forming":[183],"part":[184],"group.":[189],"RESULTS:":[190],"Five":[191],"themes":[192],"emerged:":[193],"understanding":[194],"implementing":[196,203],"RL;":[197,200,204],"benefits":[198],"challenges":[201],"while":[202],"connection":[205],"between":[206],"patient":[209],"care;":[210],"strategies":[212],"enhance":[214],"practice":[216],"implementation":[218],"RL.":[220],"CONCLUSIONS:":[221],"Participants":[222],"perceived":[223],"trust,":[227],"cohesion,":[229],"open":[231],"communication,":[232],"supporting":[235],"care,":[237],"although":[238],"heavy":[239],"workloads,":[240],"limited":[241],"resources,":[242],"hierarchical":[244],"norms":[245],"constrained":[246],"its":[247],"These":[249],"reflections":[250],"represent":[251],"subjective":[252],"rather":[254],"than":[255],"objectively":[256],"measured":[257],"outcomes,":[258],"but":[259],"they":[260],"highlight":[261],"RL's":[262],"potential":[263],"value":[264],"development":[267],"settings.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}