{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224134659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036","title":"Influence of Steel, Nylon, and Hybrid Fibers on the Mechanical and Flexural Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete T-Beams","display_name":"Influence of Steel, Nylon, and Hybrid Fibers on the Mechanical and Flexural Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete T-Beams","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224134659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21926/aeer.2604036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036","pdf_url":"https://www.lidsen.com/journals/aeer/aeer-07-04-036/aeer.2604036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186825","display_name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","issn_l":"2766-6190","issn":["2766-6190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.lidsen.com/journals/aeer/aeer-07-04-036/aeer.2604036.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5131277410","display_name":"Arjan Fakhrulddin Abdullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjan Fakhrulddin Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013204871","display_name":"Inas Mahmood Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-1261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-1261"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inas Mahmood Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096802868","display_name":"Nabaz Yassen Ezuldin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143651","display_name":"Northern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytenv10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabaz Yassen Ezuldin","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Northern Technical University (NTU) , Technical Engineering College/ Kirkuk , Iraq;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Northern Technical University (NTU) , Technical Engineering College/ Kirkuk , Iraq;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034465145","display_name":"Zainab S. Al-Khafaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-7312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-7312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401041618","display_name":"Imam Ja\u2019afar Al-Sadiq University","ror":"https://ror.org/02477a553","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401041618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["IQ","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab Al-Khafaji","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , 43600 UKM Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia;",". Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University , Qahira , Baghdad , Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , 43600 UKM Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University , Qahira , Baghdad , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401041618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76894726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"07","issue":"04","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12102","display_name":"Fire effects on concrete materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-compacting-concrete","display_name":"self-compacting concrete","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-fibers","display_name":"steel fibers","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nylon-fibers","display_name":"nylon fibers","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-reinforced-concrete","display_name":"fiber-reinforced concrete","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-beams","display_name":"T-beams","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-behavior","display_name":"flexural behavior","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/splitting-tensile-strength","display_name":"splitting tensile strength","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowability","display_name":"flowability","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-fume","display_name":"silica fume","score":0.9390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.8082000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7839000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.5250999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45291354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2509873","display_name":"Slump","level":3,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779016933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397403","display_name":"Fiber-reinforced concrete","level":3,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11839303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622096","display_name":"Silica fume","level":3,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132976073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991861","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86060186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7798000","display_name":"Three point flexural test","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64208038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5856","display_name":"Synthetic fiber","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21926/aeer.2604036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036","pdf_url":"https://www.lidsen.com/journals/aeer/aeer-07-04-036/aeer.2604036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186825","display_name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","issn_l":"2766-6190","issn":["2766-6190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21926/aeer.2604036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2604036","pdf_url":"https://www.lidsen.com/journals/aeer/aeer-07-04-036/aeer.2604036.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186825","display_name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","issn_l":"2766-6190","issn":["2766-6190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224134659.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224134659.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W634568139","https://openalex.org/W795064871","https://openalex.org/W1586559491","https://openalex.org/W1981174370","https://openalex.org/W1985430211","https://openalex.org/W2001798312","https://openalex.org/W2007651872","https://openalex.org/W2028785004","https://openalex.org/W2056290331","https://openalex.org/W2060497759","https://openalex.org/W2085712459","https://openalex.org/W2086182752","https://openalex.org/W2088034004","https://openalex.org/W2107416083","https://openalex.org/W2138338662","https://openalex.org/W2140764766","https://openalex.org/W2167033725","https://openalex.org/W2905172754","https://openalex.org/W2943872256","https://openalex.org/W2944598010","https://openalex.org/W2970564377","https://openalex.org/W3094129370","https://openalex.org/W3094905005","https://openalex.org/W3151373858","https://openalex.org/W3203472774","https://openalex.org/W4205921080","https://openalex.org/W4225139448","https://openalex.org/W4281940784","https://openalex.org/W4283731311","https://openalex.org/W4289351956","https://openalex.org/W4289746002","https://openalex.org/W4307462244","https://openalex.org/W4312088985","https://openalex.org/W4380894167","https://openalex.org/W4387345441","https://openalex.org/W4393193278","https://openalex.org/W4401358940","https://openalex.org/W4403056402","https://openalex.org/W4409123373","https://openalex.org/W4409334611","https://openalex.org/W4409608467","https://openalex.org/W4414882017","https://openalex.org/W4415646014","https://openalex.org/W7122683971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3116727869","https://openalex.org/W7100465889","https://openalex.org/W2434033404","https://openalex.org/W2733262674","https://openalex.org/W2091847867","https://openalex.org/W2970564377","https://openalex.org/W7167421752","https://openalex.org/W1972885486","https://openalex.org/W1834562610","https://openalex.org/W4250188447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"the":[3,13,117,138,141,145,152,164,168,180,187,288,303],"effect":[4],"of":[5,20,60,73,109,126,167,216,230,237,244,251,261,294,299,314],"steel,":[6,51],"nylon":[7],"and":[8,16,46,63,84,105,116,131,144,159,183,205,219,240,253,264,277,296],"hybrid":[9,54,224,304],"steel-nylon":[10,55],"fibers":[11,56],"on":[12,266],"fresh,":[14],"mechanical":[15,182],"structural":[17,184],"flexural":[18,107,207,285,289,316],"behavior":[19],"self-compacting":[21,165],"concrete":[22],"(SCC)":[23],"containing":[24],"11%":[25],"silica":[26],"fume":[27],"as":[28,87],"a":[29,227,233,248,297],"supplemental":[30],"cementitious":[31],"material":[32],"has":[33],"been":[34],"experimentally":[35],"investigated.":[36],"Ten":[37],"mixes":[38,170],"were":[39,120,171],"studied,":[40],"one":[41],"reference":[42],"SCC":[43,111],"without":[44],"reinforcement":[45],"nine":[47],"fiber-reinforced":[48],"composites":[49],"with":[50,186,214],"nylon,":[52],"or":[53],"at":[57],"volume":[58],"fractions":[59],"0.2%,":[61],"0.3%":[62],"0.4%.":[64],"The":[65,91,113,149,174,222],"fresh":[66],"state":[67],"response":[68,93],"was":[69,94,273],"characterized":[70,95],"in":[71,151,156,189,309],"terms":[72],"slump":[74],"flow,":[75],"T50":[76],"flow":[77,161],"time,":[78],"V-funnel,":[79],"V-funnel":[80],"after":[81,96],"5":[82],"min,":[83],"L-box":[85],"tests":[86],"per":[88],"EFNARC":[89],"requirements.":[90],"hardened":[92],"28":[97],"days":[98],"by":[99,122],"compressive":[100,190,228,276],"strength,":[101,104],"splitting":[102,197,234,278],"tensile":[103,198,235,279],"four-point":[106],"testing":[108],"reinforced":[110],"T-beams.":[112],"statistical":[114],"reliability":[115],"factorial":[118,133],"effects":[119,260],"analyzed":[121],"standard":[123],"deviation,":[124],"coefficient":[125],"variation,":[127],"error":[128],"bar":[129],"analysis":[130],"two-way":[132],"ANOVA,":[134],"taking":[135],"into":[136],"account":[137],"fiber":[139,142,153,177,262],"type,":[140],"dose":[143,265],"interaction":[146,272,290],"between":[147],"them.":[148],"increase":[150,188],"percentage":[154],"resulted":[155],"lower":[157],"flowability":[158],"higher":[160],"resistance,":[162],"but":[163,281],"properties":[166],"studied":[169],"still":[172],"acceptable.":[173],"0.4%":[175,223],"steel":[176],"mixture":[178,225],"exhibited":[179,291],"best":[181],"behavior,":[185],"strength":[191,199,229,236,252],"from":[192,200,209],"40.8":[193],"to":[194,202,211],"45.1":[195],"MPa,":[196,232],"3.90":[201],"4.81":[203],"MPa":[204,239],"ultimate":[206,242],"load":[208,243],"53.0":[210],"68.7":[212],"kN,":[213,246],"improvements":[215],"10.5%,":[217],"23.3%":[218],"29.6%,":[220],"respectively.":[221],"had":[226],"43.4":[231],"4.25":[238],"an":[241,292],"65.2":[245],"offering":[247],"balanced":[249],"combination":[250],"deformation":[254],"performance.":[255],"Two-way":[256],"ANOVA":[257],"demonstrated":[258],"significant":[259,274],"type":[263],"all":[267],"three":[268],"responses,":[269],"while":[270],"their":[271],"for":[275,283],"strengths,":[280],"not":[282,307],"final":[284],"load.":[286],"Specifically,":[287],"F-value":[293],"0.716":[295],"p-value":[298],"0.592,":[300],"showing":[301],"that":[302],"system":[305],"did":[306],"result":[308],"statistically":[310],"evident":[311],"synergistic":[312],"augmentation":[313],"peak":[315],"capacity.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
