{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224132913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","title":"Hybrid feature pyramid attention and capsule network (FpaNet+CapsNet) for enhanced spatial and contextual feature extraction for improved brain tumor segmentation","display_name":"Hybrid feature pyramid attention and capsule network (FpaNet+CapsNet) for enhanced spatial and contextual feature extraction for improved brain tumor segmentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224132913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77503-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77503-8_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019747299","display_name":"Eman Abdullah Aldakheel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-7763","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-7763"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman Abdullah Aldakheel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Ab-dulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Ab-dulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033923198","display_name":"Mohammed Zakariah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-2605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-2605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Zakariah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies , King Saud University, P.O. Box 22459, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies , King Saud University, P.O. Box 22459, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007931218","display_name":"Syed Umar Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4718-0155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4718-0155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Umar Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107478739","display_name":"Tariq Kashmeery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Kashmeery","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382,, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382,, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039600196","display_name":"Parul Dubey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-6664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-6664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Parul Dubey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Nagpur Campus, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Nagpur Campus, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062814216","display_name":"Nada Ali Hakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-1106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-1106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Ali Hakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, College of Computer & Information Science, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer & Information Science, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039600196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78989187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumor-segmentation","display_name":"brain tumor segmentation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capsule-networks","display_name":"capsule networks","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-neural-network","display_name":"hybrid neural network","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-feature-extraction","display_name":"spatial feature extraction","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-feature-extraction","display_name":"contextual feature extraction","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-image-segmentation","display_name":"medical image segmentation","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7638000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7447999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7085999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6521999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5745000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778778583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147768","display_name":"Capsule","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71472368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880","display_name":"Text mining","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77503-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77503-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77503-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G711696105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2026R409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224132913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224132913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043892437","https://openalex.org/W3178880621","https://openalex.org/W4214937897","https://openalex.org/W4280515425","https://openalex.org/W4302012811","https://openalex.org/W4307726656","https://openalex.org/W4312069086","https://openalex.org/W4318761526","https://openalex.org/W4324370658","https://openalex.org/W4362574883","https://openalex.org/W4385709111","https://openalex.org/W4385987583","https://openalex.org/W4386642197","https://openalex.org/W4386780962","https://openalex.org/W4387581304","https://openalex.org/W4387968082","https://openalex.org/W4388765096","https://openalex.org/W4391131603","https://openalex.org/W4391837318","https://openalex.org/W4392845143","https://openalex.org/W4393033647","https://openalex.org/W4393115170","https://openalex.org/W4398143010","https://openalex.org/W4400426163","https://openalex.org/W4400896445","https://openalex.org/W4400978760","https://openalex.org/W4401358378","https://openalex.org/W4402221282","https://openalex.org/W4402259364","https://openalex.org/W7134912386","https://openalex.org/W7168269588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416251145","https://openalex.org/W7213906203","https://openalex.org/W7153811839","https://openalex.org/W7008507391","https://openalex.org/W6903519041","https://openalex.org/W4287818808","https://openalex.org/W3043089069","https://openalex.org/W7077515431","https://openalex.org/W6941336338","https://openalex.org/W3016120846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gliomas":[0],"are":[1,24,32,43],"among":[2],"the":[3,15,49,82,118,122,125,130,135,148,173,211,217,228,236],"most":[4],"dangerous":[5],"brain":[6],"tumors,":[7],"and":[8,31,55,84,109,121,124,132,143,159,166,182,189,199,207,216,240],"their":[9],"treatment":[10],"depends":[11],"on":[12,172,227],"accurately":[13,239],"outlining":[14],"tumor":[16,187],"in":[17,79],"magnetic":[18],"resonance":[19],"imaging":[20],"(MRI).":[21],"These":[22,232],"outlines":[23],"hand-drawn,":[25],"vary":[26],"from":[27],"expert":[28],"to":[29,34,45,164],"expert,":[30],"time-consuming":[33],"create.":[35],"Automatic":[36],"techniques":[37],"may":[38,75],"help,":[39],"but":[40,74,91,244],"glioma":[41],"boundaries":[42],"difficult":[44],"detect":[46],"because":[47],"of":[48,52,65,81,134,179,197,203,213,225],"wide":[50],"variety":[51],"shapes,":[53],"sizes,":[54],"contrast.":[56],"While":[57],"existing":[58],"deep":[59],"learning":[60],"models":[61],"address":[62],"only":[63],"part":[64],"this":[66],"issue,":[67],"attention-based":[68],"networks":[69,86],"can":[70,87,238],"capture":[71],"multi-scale":[72],"information":[73],"lose":[76,92],"spatial":[77],"relationships":[78,90],"parts":[80],"tumor,":[83,186,191],"capsule":[85,126],"retain":[88],"these":[89],"broader":[93],"context.":[94],"This":[95],"study":[96],"therefore":[97],"proposes":[98],"a":[99,104,110,222],"hybrid":[100],"model,":[101],"FpaNet+CapsNet,":[102],"combining":[103],"Feature":[105],"Pyramid":[106],"Attention":[107],"Network":[108],"Capsule":[111],"Network.":[112],"The":[113],"attention":[114],"module":[115,127],"will":[116,128],"see":[117],"fine":[119],"details":[120],"context,":[123],"preserve":[129],"shape":[131],"structure":[133],"tumor.":[136],"Four":[137],"MRI":[138],"sequences":[139],"(T1,":[140],"T1Gd,":[141],"T2,":[142],"FLAIR)":[144],"were":[145,152],"used":[146],"for":[147,184],"BraTS2020":[149],"model.":[150],"Patients":[151],"split":[153],"into":[154],"training":[155],"(236),":[156],"validation":[157],"(59),":[158],"test":[160,174],"(74)":[161],"groups":[162],"prior":[163],"pre-processing":[165],"augmentation.":[167],"Both":[168],"modules":[169],"proved":[170],"useful":[171],"set,":[175],"achieving":[176],"Dice":[177,223],"scores":[178],"99.05%,":[180],"98.05%,":[181],"99.50%":[183],"enhancing":[185],"core,":[188],"whole":[190],"respectively,":[192],"with":[193,221],"an":[194,200],"overall":[195],"accuracy":[196],"99.6%":[198],"average":[201],"HD95":[202],"2.40":[204],"mm.":[205],"Ablation":[206],"statistical":[208],"tests":[209],"confirmed":[210],"usefulness":[212],"both":[214],"modules,":[215],"model":[218,237],"was":[219],"successful":[220],"score":[224],"0.962":[226],"unseen":[229],"BraTS2021":[230],"set.":[231],"results":[233],"indicate":[234],"that":[235],"reliably":[241],"segment":[242],"gliomas,":[243],"requires":[245],"further":[246],"clinical":[247],"validation.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}