{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224129581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","title":"Development of \u201cgalton sriwijaya board\u201d teaching aid to support students\u2019 conceptual understanding of normal distribution","display_name":"Development of \u201cgalton sriwijaya board\u201d teaching aid to support students\u2019 conceptual understanding of normal distribution","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224129581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283141","display_name":"LINEAR Journal of Mathematics Education","issn_l":"2722-6913","issn":["2722-6913","2722-760X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425411","host_organization_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Jurai Siwo Lampung","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425411"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LINEAR: Journal of Mathematics Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053834339","display_name":"Yudha Mahendra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudha Mahendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119626675","display_name":"Tirta Sari Sapitri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tirta Sari Sapitri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154280539","display_name":"Revalina Apriliani Saputri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Revalina Apriliani Saputri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066522937","display_name":"Rafika Sari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-2605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-2605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafika Sari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155853537","display_name":"Nashifah Aqilah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nashifah Aqilah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010907394","display_name":"Rahma Siska Utari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-0426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-0426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahma Siska Utari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120873110","display_name":"Ratu Ilma Indra Putri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-7757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-7757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ratu Ilma Indra Putri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103239131","display_name":"Novita Sari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-2332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-2332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Novita Sari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050626284","display_name":"Yovika Sukma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-1789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-1789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yovika Sukma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87671383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"114","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12522","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Pedagogy","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12931","display_name":"Educational Methods and Outcomes","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galton-board","display_name":"Galton board","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-distribution","display_name":"normal distribution","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-limit-theorem","display_name":"central limit theorem","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-understanding","display_name":"conceptual understanding","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hands-on-learning","display_name":"hands-on learning","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-statistics-education","display_name":"mathematical statistics education","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education-students","display_name":"mathematics education students","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.732699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5425999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48980000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48164120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4491893","display_name":"Concept learning","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102094743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133871","display_name":"Normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778568292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7727275","display_name":"The Conceptual Framework","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781011336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465133","display_name":"Time limit","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283141","display_name":"LINEAR Journal of Mathematics Education","issn_l":"2722-6913","issn":["2722-6913","2722-760X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425411","host_organization_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Jurai Siwo Lampung","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425411"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LINEAR: Journal of Mathematics Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v7i2.114-132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283141","display_name":"LINEAR Journal of Mathematics Education","issn_l":"2722-6913","issn":["2722-6913","2722-760X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425411","host_organization_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Jurai Siwo Lampung","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425411"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LINEAR: Journal of Mathematics Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133460257","https://openalex.org/W4402722636","https://openalex.org/W7010533168","https://openalex.org/W155226534","https://openalex.org/W4294958162","https://openalex.org/W2359101541","https://openalex.org/W2763416641","https://openalex.org/W1598094626","https://openalex.org/W4285576081","https://openalex.org/W2431298516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,51],"study":[1,52,227],"aims":[2],"to":[3,11,48,92,99,109,175,215,236],"develop":[4],"the":[5,17,26,36,40,111,114,132,142,152,177,180,187,202,230,234],"\u201cGalton":[6,203],"Sriwijaya":[7,182,204],"Board\u201d":[8,205],"teaching":[9,116,144,231],"aid":[10,145,232],"support":[12],"students\u2019":[13,89,101],"conceptual":[14,94,119],"understanding":[15,31,120,218],"of":[16,22,78,113,134,179,189,219],"normal":[18,37,136,220],"distribution.":[19,137],"The":[20,73,138,198,226],"background":[21],"this":[23],"research":[24,56],"is":[25,46,206],"difficulty":[27],"students":[28,77,172,214],"experience":[29],"in":[30,151,239],"abstract":[32],"statistical":[33],"concepts,":[34],"particularly":[35],"distribution":[38,192,221],"and":[39,70,97,104,106,130,161,185,208,210,243],"central":[41],"limit":[42],"theorem,":[43],"when":[44],"learning":[45,102,224,241,248],"limited":[47],"theoretical":[49],"explanations.":[50],"employed":[53],"a":[54,135,190],"design":[55],"approach":[57],"based":[58,166],"on":[59,167],"Tessmer\u2019s":[60],"formative":[61],"evaluation":[62],"model,":[63],"comprising":[64],"preliminary,":[65],"self-evaluation,":[66],"expert":[67],"review,":[68],"one-to-one,":[69],"small-group":[71],"stages.":[72],"participants":[74],"were":[75,86,173],"first-semester":[76],"Mathematics":[79,153],"Education":[80,154],"selected":[81],"through":[82,88,222],"purposive":[83],"sampling.":[84],"Data":[85],"collected":[87],"LKPD":[90],"responses":[91],"analyze":[93],"understanding,":[95],"observations,":[96],"interviews":[98],"identify":[100,186],"processes":[103],"difficulties,":[105],"practicality":[107],"questionnaires":[108],"evaluate":[110],"usability":[112],"developed":[115,143,245],"aid.":[117],"Students\u2019":[118],"was":[121,146,162],"analyzed":[122],"descriptively":[123],"using":[124],"two":[125,149],"indicators:":[126],"interpreting":[127],"experimental":[128],"results":[129,139,178],"generalizing":[131],"characteristics":[133],"show":[140],"that":[141,201,229],"validated":[147],"by":[148],"lecturers":[150],"Study":[155],"Program":[156],"who":[157],"teach":[158],"Mathematical":[159],"Statistics,":[160],"categorized":[163],"as":[164],"practical":[165,209],"student":[168],"responses.":[169],"In":[170],"addition,":[171],"able":[174],"interpret":[176],"Galton":[181],"Board":[183],"experiment":[184],"formation":[188],"bell-shaped":[191],"pattern":[193],"from":[194],"repeated":[195],"random":[196],"trials.":[197],"findings":[199],"indicate":[200],"valid":[207],"provides":[211],"opportunities":[212],"for":[213],"construct":[216],"their":[217],"hands-on":[223],"activities.":[225],"suggests":[228],"has":[233],"potential":[235],"be":[237],"implemented":[238],"broader":[240],"contexts":[242],"further":[244],"into":[246],"digital-based":[247],"media.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
