{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224127482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","title":"Gender Budgeting in Education: A Nonlinear Dynamic Panel Data Analysis","display_name":"Gender Budgeting in Education: A Nonlinear Dynamic Panel Data Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224127482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202608","display_name":"Siyasal Journal of Political Sciences","issn_l":"1303-1260","issn":["1303-1260","2148-5356","2602-3598","2618-6330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318354","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318354"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Istanbul University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064524282","display_name":"Merve \u00dcNL\u00dcO\u011eLU","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-880X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-880X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51209816","display_name":"Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzjez04","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51209816"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merve \u00dcnl\u00fco\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi \u00dcniversitesi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-880X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi \u00dcniversitesi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51209816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085582207","display_name":"Adem G\u00f6k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-2507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-2507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I264262938","display_name":"K\u0131rklareli University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jb0e673","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I264262938"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adem G\u00f6k","raw_affiliation_strings":["K\u0131rklareli \u00dcniversitesi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-2507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K\u0131rklareli \u00dcniversitesi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I264262938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8820506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"0","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13040","display_name":"Gender, Education, and Development Issues","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13040","display_name":"Gender, Education, and Development Issues","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.04670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-budgeting","display_name":"gender budgeting","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-education-expenditure","display_name":"government education expenditure","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality-in-education","display_name":"gender inequality in education","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-threshold-effects","display_name":"nonlinear threshold effects","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-u-shaped-relationship","display_name":"inverted U-shaped relationship","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-finance","display_name":"education funding","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6668000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992690401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Government expenditure","level":3,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891097","display_name":"Gender inequality","level":3,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777234743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Public expenditure","level":3,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992299759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equality","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67141207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452348","display_name":"Education policy","level":3,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132000672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6158427","display_name":"Income inequality metrics","level":4,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8505890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605095","display_name":"Budget constraint","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60675406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2049349","display_name":"Panel analysis","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781356325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Government spending","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019119777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Government sector","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202608","display_name":"Siyasal Journal of Political Sciences","issn_l":"1303-1260","issn":["1303-1260","2148-5356","2602-3598","2618-6330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318354","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318354"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Istanbul University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2026.36.1776933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202608","display_name":"Siyasal Journal of Political Sciences","issn_l":"1303-1260","issn":["1303-1260","2148-5356","2602-3598","2618-6330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318354","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318354"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Istanbul University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W306015011","https://openalex.org/W1492212176","https://openalex.org/W2012034514","https://openalex.org/W2058830226","https://openalex.org/W2093265491","https://openalex.org/W2117513178","https://openalex.org/W2792013564","https://openalex.org/W2942583826","https://openalex.org/W2948468622","https://openalex.org/W3080812185","https://openalex.org/W3123200913","https://openalex.org/W3123464548","https://openalex.org/W3124091918","https://openalex.org/W3179380350","https://openalex.org/W4206821577","https://openalex.org/W4296907599","https://openalex.org/W4378217838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376317228","https://openalex.org/W4385748222","https://openalex.org/W4328126007","https://openalex.org/W4399492554","https://openalex.org/W2910472157","https://openalex.org/W4377194233","https://openalex.org/W7128549464","https://openalex.org/W4294243522","https://openalex.org/W2184370888","https://openalex.org/W2569212832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"test":[1],"the":[2,31,45,75,97,119,133,165,174,179],"role":[3],"of":[4,24,52,121,170,176,183],"government":[5,25,32,53,62,82],"education":[6,26,33,43,56,63,73,85,92,151],"expenditure":[7,34,54,64,83,152],"in":[8,11,30,39,42,61,69,72,81,91,138,141,156,162],"gender":[9,40,70,89,122,139,154],"inequality":[10,41,71,90,140,155],"education,":[12],"we":[13],"have":[14],"developed":[15],"a":[16,21,67,116,136,168],"nonlinear":[17],"hypothesis":[18,166],"that":[19,79],"below":[20],"certain":[22,117],"level":[23],"expenditure,":[27],"an":[28,37,59,146],"increase":[29,38,60],"leads":[35,65],"to":[36,66,96,100],"(inducing":[44],"inequality),":[46],"and":[47,130,153],"when":[48],"this":[49],"critical":[50],"threshold":[51],"on":[55,84],"is":[57],"attained,":[58],"decrease":[68],"(deterring":[74],"inequality).":[76],"The":[77],"fact":[78],"increases":[80],"can":[86,93],"initially":[87],"exacerbate":[88],"be":[94],"attributed":[95],"gender-blind":[98],"approach":[99],"budget":[101],"allocation,":[102],"which":[103],"may":[104],"consequently":[105],"reinforce":[106],"rather":[107],"than":[108],"compensate":[109],"for":[110,135,167],"initial":[111],"access":[112],"disparities.":[113],"However,":[114],"beyond":[115],"threshold,":[118],"implementation":[120],"budgeting":[123],"practices":[124],"makes":[125],"resource":[126],"allocation":[127],"more":[128],"targeted":[129],"inclusive,":[131],"paving":[132],"way":[134],"reduction":[137],"education.":[142,157],"This":[143],"mechanism":[144],"predicts":[145],"inverted":[147],"U-shaped":[148],"relationship":[149],"between":[150],"We":[158],"found":[159],"robust":[160],"evidence":[161],"accordance":[163],"with":[164,178],"sample":[169],"122":[171],"countries":[172],"over":[173],"period":[175],"1998-2021":[177],"System":[180],"Generalized":[181],"Method":[182],"Moments":[184],"(GMM)":[185],"Analysis.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
