{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224123700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","title":"Defining competency frameworks for undergraduate and graduate pharmacology education in Canada","display_name":"Defining competency frameworks for undergraduate and graduate pharmacology education in Canada","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224123700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020703324","display_name":"Karim S. Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0518-4692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0518-4692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["CA","EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karim S. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa","Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012984437","display_name":"Fatima Mraiche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-1145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-1145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Mraiche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069439615","display_name":"Bradley L. Urquhart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-1472","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-1472"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley L. Urquhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020581154","display_name":"John J. Leddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-1289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-1289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J. Leddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011593642","display_name":"Amy M. Todd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4351-7927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4351-7927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Todd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Biosciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Biosciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029308902","display_name":"Dylan E Burger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-2911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-2911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482656","display_name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtef216","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I2800722420","https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Burger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa","The Jones Family Kidney Research Centre, Inflammation and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Jones Family Kidney Research Centre, Inflammation and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036679386","display_name":"Fabiana Caetano Crowley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9468-3361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9468-3361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabiana A. Caetano Crowley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020703324","https://openalex.org/A5036679386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I84524832"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89044215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology-education","display_name":"pharmacology education","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competency-framework","display_name":"competency framework","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-competencies","display_name":"core competencies","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-development","display_name":"curriculum development","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accreditation","display_name":"accreditation","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"pharmacodynamics","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdisciplinary-collaboration","display_name":"interdisciplinary collaboration","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164065428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201929","display_name":"Core competency","level":2,"score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.5625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985790989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141212","display_name":"Graduate education","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63433958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774688","display_name":"Clinical pharmacology","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779495148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487378","display_name":"Delphi","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020528894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820271","display_name":"Graduate students","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5592059","display_name":"Graduate medical education","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22156102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341294","display_name":"Educational measurement","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398663","display_name":"Safety pharmacology","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca1180ebb02048b8a365804f88a277ae","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca1180ebb02048b8a365804f88a277ae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1952861/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224123700.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224123700.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7970301","https://openalex.org/W1587794822","https://openalex.org/W1967747089","https://openalex.org/W2017265038","https://openalex.org/W2018118305","https://openalex.org/W2038244867","https://openalex.org/W2047227118","https://openalex.org/W2051656627","https://openalex.org/W2057327092","https://openalex.org/W2067404301","https://openalex.org/W2076758805","https://openalex.org/W2098522618","https://openalex.org/W2122328334","https://openalex.org/W2129959732","https://openalex.org/W2142225512","https://openalex.org/W2150495094","https://openalex.org/W2305278139","https://openalex.org/W2755751705","https://openalex.org/W2791498323","https://openalex.org/W2805933901","https://openalex.org/W2809242283","https://openalex.org/W2964311550","https://openalex.org/W2991354373","https://openalex.org/W3004746336","https://openalex.org/W3009515950","https://openalex.org/W3024682157","https://openalex.org/W3036063864","https://openalex.org/W3089833548","https://openalex.org/W3091668362","https://openalex.org/W3184085430","https://openalex.org/W3189277389","https://openalex.org/W4241025692","https://openalex.org/W4241124503","https://openalex.org/W4285097404","https://openalex.org/W4296959489","https://openalex.org/W4309011901","https://openalex.org/W4310775480","https://openalex.org/W4367153413","https://openalex.org/W4385312157","https://openalex.org/W4385786385","https://openalex.org/W4386045948","https://openalex.org/W4390736969","https://openalex.org/W4399075401","https://openalex.org/W4402456526","https://openalex.org/W4404136512","https://openalex.org/W4405816555","https://openalex.org/W4405854502","https://openalex.org/W4407596349","https://openalex.org/W4409487429","https://openalex.org/W4414522378","https://openalex.org/W4415224328","https://openalex.org/W4417232331","https://openalex.org/W7131105964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160835160","https://openalex.org/W7167164856","https://openalex.org/W3174771504","https://openalex.org/W2152414280","https://openalex.org/W2777661319","https://openalex.org/W7165355499","https://openalex.org/W128652439","https://openalex.org/W3189277389","https://openalex.org/W3039252628","https://openalex.org/W4387976024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pharmacology":[0,57],"education":[1],"in":[2,45,108,280],"Canada":[3],"spans":[4],"multiple":[5],"institutions":[6],"and":[7,9,42,47,58,71,89,98,106,118,130,144,165,178,186,194,197,215,221,255,259,266,290],"programs":[8,279],"is":[10,19],"increasingly":[11],"integrated":[12],"with":[13,123,208],"other":[14],"disciplines.":[15],"While":[16],"this":[17],"diversity":[18],"a":[20,25,95,260],"strength,":[21],"the":[22,29,53,109,127,138,149,160,219,233,271],"absence":[23],"of":[24,56,86,162,213,235,252,263],"national":[26,66,209],"consensus":[27],"on":[28,137,148],"core":[30,139,181],"competencies":[31,140],"required":[32],"for":[33,69,141,170,218,243,277],"graduation":[34],"raises":[35],"concerns":[36],"about":[37],"consistency":[38],"across":[39],"programs,":[40],"accreditation,":[41],"potential":[43],"gaps":[44],"knowledge":[46,182,236],"skills.":[48],"To":[49],"address":[50],"these":[51],"gaps,":[52],"Canadian":[54],"Society":[55],"Therapeutics":[59],"(CSPT)":[60],"launched":[61],"an":[62,77,83,249],"initiative":[63],"to":[64,133,145],"establish":[65],"competency":[67,275],"frameworks":[68,276,283],"undergraduate":[70,185,220,250],"graduate":[72,187,222,261],"pre-professional":[73],"pharmacology":[74,124,142,171,278,291],"programs.":[75],"Using":[76],"exploratory":[78],"sequential":[79],"mixed":[80],"methods":[81],"design,":[82,287],"initial":[84,150],"list":[85],"knowledge,":[87],"skill,":[88],"attitude":[90],"statements":[91,217,226],"was":[92],"developed":[93],"through":[94],"literature":[96],"review":[97],"iterative":[99],"input":[100],"from":[101,126],"CSPT":[102,111],"Education":[103,113],"Committee":[104],"members":[105],"participants":[107,175,191,200],"2024":[110],"Meeting":[112],"Workshop.":[114],"Semi-structured":[115],"focus":[116],"groups":[117],"interviews":[119],"were":[120,227],"then":[121,228],"conducted":[122],"professionals":[125],"academic,":[128],"public,":[129],"private":[131],"sectors":[132],"explore":[134],"their":[135],"views":[136],"graduates":[143],"gather":[146],"feedback":[147],"list.":[151],"Inductive":[152],"content":[153],"analysis":[154],"revealed":[155],"strong":[156],"cross-sector":[157],"agreement":[158],"that":[159],"principles":[161],"drug":[163],"action":[164],"therapeutic":[166],"response":[167],"are":[168],"essential":[169],"graduates.":[172],"Academic":[173],"sector":[174,190,199],"emphasized":[176,201],"pharmacokinetics":[177],"pharmacodynamics":[179],"as":[180],"at":[183],"both":[184],"levels.":[188],"Private":[189],"prioritized":[192],"laboratory":[193],"regulatory":[195],"competencies,":[196,231,258,269],"public":[198],"interdisciplinary":[202],"collaboration.":[203],"A":[204],"modified":[205],"Delphi":[206],"questionnaire":[207],"panellists":[210,242],"produced":[211],"lists":[212],"27":[214],"55":[216],"levels,":[223],"respectively.":[224],"Consensus":[225],"restructured":[229],"into":[230],"incorporating":[232],"level":[234],"or":[237],"skill":[238],"acquisition":[239],"rated":[240],"by":[241],"each":[244],"academic":[245],"level.":[246],"This":[247],"yielded":[248],"framework":[251,262],"12":[253],"key":[254,265],"32":[256],"enabling":[257,268],"17":[264],"58":[267],"representing":[270],"first":[272],"consensus-based,":[273],"level-specific":[274],"Canada.":[281],"These":[282],"will":[284],"guide":[285],"curriculum":[286],"professional":[288],"preparation,":[289],"training":[292],"needs.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
