{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224122974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","title":"Loading rate effects on embedment properties of dowel-type fasteners in laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and glued laminated timber (GLULAM)","display_name":"Loading rate effects on embedment properties of dowel-type fasteners in laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and glued laminated timber (GLULAM)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224122974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29980478","display_name":"Construction and Building Materials","issn_l":"0950-0618","issn":["0950-0618","1879-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Construction and Building Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103007790","display_name":"Aritra Kumar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1780-1096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1780-1096"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayon Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1780-1096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065043338","display_name":"Benoit P. Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-3069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-3069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benoit P. Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-3069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056093953","display_name":"Hong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-5052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-5052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-5052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001028366","display_name":"Chuen Yiu Lo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuen Yiu Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330262","display_name":"Minghao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1398-1744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1398-1744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1398-1744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086348018","display_name":"Frank Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-3310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-3310","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-7684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-3310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065043338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"apc_list":{"value":4540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4540},"apc_paid":{"value":4540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4540},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82950911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"548","issue":null,"first_page":"148663","last_page":"148663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12581","display_name":"Engineering Structural Analysis Methods","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10219","display_name":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loading-rate-effects","display_name":"loading rate effects","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dowel-type-fasteners","display_name":"dowel-type fasteners","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laminated-veneer-lumber","display_name":"laminated veneer lumber","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glued-laminated-timber","display_name":"glued laminated timber","score":0.9350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62464604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370017","display_name":"Embedment","level":2,"score":0.8938000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6887000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128056066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5791381","display_name":"Laminated veneer lumber","level":3,"score":0.6262000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.618399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779225514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1686140","display_name":"Veneer","level":2,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778529468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911043","display_name":"Cross laminated timber","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778240408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002016","display_name":"Fastener","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30239060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253111","display_name":"Delamination (geology)","level":4,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29823281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432787","display_name":"Masonry veneer","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127893833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7492185","display_name":"Shear strength (soil)","level":3,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504595227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317763","display_name":"Engineered wood","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29980478","display_name":"Construction and Building Materials","issn_l":"0950-0618","issn":["0950-0618","1879-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Construction and Building Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.148663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29980478","display_name":"Construction and Building Materials","issn_l":"0950-0618","issn":["0950-0618","1879-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Construction and Building Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146178621","https://openalex.org/W188623394","https://openalex.org/W1569326012","https://openalex.org/W1832659867","https://openalex.org/W1975726534","https://openalex.org/W1985556928","https://openalex.org/W1998967476","https://openalex.org/W2006723631","https://openalex.org/W2019921118","https://openalex.org/W2050741266","https://openalex.org/W2057224323","https://openalex.org/W2076437261","https://openalex.org/W2127012656","https://openalex.org/W2128538052","https://openalex.org/W2130280265","https://openalex.org/W2153994315","https://openalex.org/W2330802038","https://openalex.org/W2790093855","https://openalex.org/W2793535339","https://openalex.org/W2815564219","https://openalex.org/W2815860824","https://openalex.org/W2982086123","https://openalex.org/W3005070002","https://openalex.org/W3005375453","https://openalex.org/W3029089101","https://openalex.org/W3186690099","https://openalex.org/W3197216264","https://openalex.org/W4283361507","https://openalex.org/W4289868979","https://openalex.org/W4365459628","https://openalex.org/W4382140032","https://openalex.org/W4391003884","https://openalex.org/W4391014884","https://openalex.org/W4412658880","https://openalex.org/W4417342763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099860948","https://openalex.org/W2562354201","https://openalex.org/W4411198211","https://openalex.org/W2724933226","https://openalex.org/W2530764752","https://openalex.org/W4411197442","https://openalex.org/W2119536929","https://openalex.org/W2791335536","https://openalex.org/W2891818521","https://openalex.org/W2757817777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"timber":[1,11,33,40,74],"engineering.":[2],"embedment":[3,58,105,154,169,197,228],"strength":[4,59,170,198,229],"represents":[5],"the":[6,10,29,57,135,164,167,176,184,205,226],"resistance":[7],"developed":[8],"by":[9,17,172,181],"against":[12],"localized":[13],"bearing":[14],"stresses":[15],"generated":[16],"a":[18,24],"dowel-type":[19,62],"fastener.":[20],"This":[21,53],"property":[22],"is":[23,36],"key":[25],"input":[26],"for":[27,160,175],"determining":[28],"design":[30,41,92,243],"capacity":[31],"of":[32,61,102,204,223,248],"connections":[34,93],"and":[35,49,71,82,125,132,156,210,219,233],"included":[37],"in":[38,65,109,196,225,236,242,251],"major":[39],"standards,":[42],"such":[43,95],"as":[44,183],"CSA":[45],"O86,":[46],"Eurocode":[47],"5,":[48],"NZS":[50],"AS":[51],"1720.1.":[52],"study":[54],"experimentally":[55],"evaluates":[56],"response":[60],"fasteners":[63],"inserted":[64],"softwood":[66],"laminated":[67,73],"veneer":[68],"lumber":[69],"(LVL)":[70],"glued":[72],"(Glulam)":[75],"under":[76,94,137],"loading":[77,139,211,232],"rates":[78],"associated":[79],"with":[80,111,122],"earthquake":[81],"progressive":[83],"collapse":[84],"events,":[85],"aiming":[86],"at":[87],"providing":[88],"essential":[89],"data":[90],"to":[91,134,147,191,201],"dynamic":[96],"loadings.":[97],"An":[98],"experimental":[99],"programme":[100],"consisting":[101],"640":[103],"full-hole":[104],"tests":[106],"was":[107,199,217],"performed":[108],"accordance":[110],"European":[112],"standard":[113],"EN":[114],"383.":[115],"Tests":[116],"were":[117,158],"conducted":[118],"on":[119],"samples":[120],"prepared":[121],"\u230012":[123],"mm":[124,127],"\u230016":[126],"dowels,":[128],"loaded":[129],"both":[130],"parallel":[131],"perpendicular":[133],"grain":[136],"four":[138],"rates,":[140],"inducing":[141],"failure":[142,185,234],"from":[143,188],"200":[144,189],"s":[145,190],"(quasi-static)":[146],"0.2":[148,192,237],"s.":[149,193,238],"Elastic":[150],"stiffness,":[151],"yield":[152],"stress,":[153],"strength,":[155],"ductility":[157],"determined":[159],"each":[161],"test.":[162],"For":[163],"LVL":[165],"specimens,":[166,178],"average":[168],"increased":[171,180],"17.9\u201325.4%,":[173],"while":[174],"glulam":[177],"it":[179],"10.0\u201331.9%":[182],"time":[186],"decreased":[187],"The":[194],"increase":[195,222,247],"found":[200],"be":[202],"independent":[203],"material":[206],"type,":[207],"dowel":[208],"diameter":[209],"orientation.":[212],"A":[213],"rate-dependent":[214],"relationship":[215],"equation":[216],"proposed":[218],"indicated":[220],"an":[221,246],"15%":[224,250],"characteristic":[227],"between":[230],"quasi-static":[231],"developing":[235],"Inputting":[239],"this":[240],"outcome":[241],"equations":[244],"predicts":[245],"about":[249],"full":[252],"connection":[253],"capacity.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}