{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224119267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","title":"A study to explore the physiological impact of AIR+ KN95 masks on children","display_name":"A study to explore the physiological impact of AIR+ KN95 masks on children","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224119267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76986-9_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76986-9_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160045571","display_name":"Rubegan Sondarajan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253843","display_name":"ST Engineering (Singapore)","ror":"https://ror.org/014ycg306","country_code":"SG","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253843"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubegan Sondarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST Engineering Innosparks Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST Engineering Innosparks Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159991060","display_name":"Jerome W. L. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253843","display_name":"ST Engineering (Singapore)","ror":"https://ror.org/014ycg306","country_code":"SG","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253843"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerome W. L. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST Engineering Innosparks Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST Engineering Innosparks Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108639869","display_name":"Daniel Yam Thiam Goh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146690","display_name":"National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fp9fm22","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Yam Thiam Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children\u2019s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore","Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore","Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children\u2019s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children\u2019s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children\u2019s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108639869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210146690","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85018693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.8939999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.8939999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.03620000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kn95-masks","display_name":"KN95 masks","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-masks","display_name":"face masks","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-effects","display_name":"physiological effects","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-physiology","display_name":"respiratory physiology","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mask-fit","display_name":"mask fit","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-respiratory-health","display_name":"children's respiratory health","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.24709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71472368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880","display_name":"Text mining","level":2,"score":0.2313999980688095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2214999943971634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.219200000166893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.21780000627040863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76986-9_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76986-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76986-9_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224119267.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224119267.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966023765","https://openalex.org/W1971526009","https://openalex.org/W2061311589","https://openalex.org/W2064667901","https://openalex.org/W2145321322","https://openalex.org/W2146160886","https://openalex.org/W2771135918","https://openalex.org/W2994933858","https://openalex.org/W3022026421","https://openalex.org/W3085083049","https://openalex.org/W3121645079","https://openalex.org/W3133883070","https://openalex.org/W3135101260","https://openalex.org/W3157245555","https://openalex.org/W3186222867","https://openalex.org/W3202345048","https://openalex.org/W4206790535","https://openalex.org/W4221033356","https://openalex.org/W4285595286","https://openalex.org/W4297984741","https://openalex.org/W4307178537","https://openalex.org/W4380882569","https://openalex.org/W4391142968","https://openalex.org/W4393233828","https://openalex.org/W4403709638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994933858","https://openalex.org/W4302773490","https://openalex.org/W4318687860","https://openalex.org/W7154721250","https://openalex.org/W6925194495","https://openalex.org/W4206686760","https://openalex.org/W3119085113","https://openalex.org/W3126740654","https://openalex.org/W2166328552","https://openalex.org/W3165768068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Masks":[0],"remain":[1],"essential":[2],"for":[3,45,68,161],"prevention":[4],"and":[5,9,37,47,58,81,101,120,159,179,194],"control":[6],"of":[7,61,86,196],"disease,":[8],"they":[10],"may":[11],"also":[12],"be":[13],"the":[14,56,62,83,130,137,142,152],"only":[15],"intervention":[16],"to":[17,32,72,181],"provide":[18],"protection":[19],"from":[20],"air":[21],"pollution":[22],"including":[23],"haze.":[24],"While":[25],"disposable":[26],"particulate":[27],"respirators":[28],"are":[29,43],"commonly":[30],"used":[31],"protect":[33],"against":[34],"PM":[35],"2.5":[36],"pathogens,":[38],"most":[39],"commercially":[40],"available":[41],"masks":[42],"designed":[44],"adults":[46],"do":[48],"not":[49],"fit":[50,133,139],"children":[51,69,182],"properly.":[52],"This":[53],"study":[54,76,143],"evaluated":[55],"safety":[57],"physiological":[59,84],"impact":[60,85],"AIR+":[63,153],"KN95":[64,154],"mask":[65,87,131,138,155],"developed":[66],"specifically":[67],"aged":[70],"7":[71],"14":[73],"years.":[74],"The":[75],"recruited":[77],"100":[78],"healthy":[79],"participants":[80],"measured":[82],"use,":[88],"focusing":[89],"on":[90],"end-tidal":[91],"carbon":[92],"dioxide":[93],"(ETCO":[94],"2":[95,108],"),":[96],"oxygen":[97],"saturation,":[98],"heart":[99],"rate,":[100],"respiratory":[102,170,184],"rate.":[103],"Results":[104],"showed":[105],"that":[106,151],"ETCO":[107],"levels":[109],"were":[110],"within":[111],"safe":[112],"limits":[113],"(below":[114],"50":[115],"mmHg)":[116],"in":[117,146,165],"both":[118],"resting":[119],"mild":[121],"exertion":[122],"states,":[123],"with":[124,183],"minimal":[125],"reported":[126],"breathing":[127],"discomfort.":[128],"Additionally,":[129],"adequately":[132],"all":[134],"participants,":[135],"passing":[136],"test.":[140],"Although":[141],"was":[144],"limited":[145],"duration,":[147],"its":[148,176],"findings":[149],"suggest":[150],"is":[156],"safe,":[157],"comfortable,":[158],"effective":[160],"routine":[162],"daily":[163],"activities":[164],"school-going":[166],"children,":[167],"without":[168],"significant":[169],"compromise.":[171],"Further":[172],"research":[173],"could":[174],"explore":[175],"long-term":[177],"use":[178],"applicability":[180],"conditions.":[185],"[Trial":[186],"registration":[187,192],"number:":[188],"NCT07037381].":[189],"Clinical":[190],"trial":[191],"number":[193],"date":[195],"registration:":[197],"(DD/MM/YYYY)":[198],"NCT07037381":[199],"21/06/2025.":[200],"Weblink:":[201],"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT07037381":[202],".":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
