{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224118692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","title":"Phenomenology, comorbidity, and treatment response in patients with catatonia: a prospective study from northern India","display_name":"Phenomenology, comorbidity, and treatment response in patients with catatonia: a prospective study from northern India","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224118692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","pdf_url":"https://ijnonline.org/archive/volume/12/issue/3/article/28062/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211438","display_name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","issn_l":"2455-8451","issn":["2455-8451","2581-8236","2581-916X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijnonline.org/archive/volume/12/issue/3/article/28062/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066507701","display_name":"Athiya Fahiem Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150956004","display_name":"Government Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4gxn44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135388327","https://openalex.org/I150956004"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athiya Fahiem Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150956004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045932530","display_name":"Mehwish Imtiaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150956004","display_name":"Government Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4gxn44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135388327","https://openalex.org/I150956004"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehwish Imtiaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150956004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160005797","display_name":"Sabah Younis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150956004","display_name":"Government Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4gxn44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135388327","https://openalex.org/I150956004"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabah Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150956004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150956004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84033589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"106","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13966","display_name":"Neurological and metabolic disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catatonia","display_name":"catatonia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenology","display_name":"phenomenology","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response","display_name":"treatment response","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-electroconvulsive-therapy","display_name":"modified electroconvulsive therapy","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutism","display_name":"mutism","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remission","display_name":"remission","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-india","display_name":"North India","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778941822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501571","display_name":"Catatonia","level":3,"score":0.9771999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779706987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408265","display_name":"Lorazepam","level":2,"score":0.9354000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777330709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131543","display_name":"Electroconvulsive therapy","level":3,"score":0.6322000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6039000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780135775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233251","display_name":"Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale","level":3,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778528637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967025","display_name":"Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale","level":3,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781204524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2802443","display_name":"Diagnosis of schizophrenia","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019800554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813242","display_name":"Open label","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","pdf_url":"https://ijnonline.org/archive/volume/12/issue/3/article/28062/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211438","display_name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","issn_l":"2455-8451","issn":["2455-8451","2581-8236","2581-916X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.19219.1790226619","pdf_url":"https://ijnonline.org/archive/volume/12/issue/3/article/28062/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211438","display_name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","issn_l":"2455-8451","issn":["2455-8451","2581-8236","2581-916X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224118692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224118692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1882843512","https://openalex.org/W1963410909","https://openalex.org/W1967223849","https://openalex.org/W2000993560","https://openalex.org/W2021339638","https://openalex.org/W2085019344","https://openalex.org/W2089366259","https://openalex.org/W2121401131","https://openalex.org/W2121763123","https://openalex.org/W2143521384","https://openalex.org/W2564535246","https://openalex.org/W2768925122","https://openalex.org/W2811047334","https://openalex.org/W2888720718","https://openalex.org/W3016221967","https://openalex.org/W3047444905","https://openalex.org/W4200298627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3017346920","https://openalex.org/W3113339162","https://openalex.org/W4212943805","https://openalex.org/W2618862280","https://openalex.org/W1967223849","https://openalex.org/W2035631722","https://openalex.org/W2434195530","https://openalex.org/W7160263133","https://openalex.org/W2079360530","https://openalex.org/W6999129839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim":[0],"and":[1,14,31,34,54,77,129,151,209],"Objectives:":[2],"Catatonia":[3,48,60,182,201],"is":[4],"a":[5,45,78,84,102],"transdiagnostic":[6],"neuropsychiatric":[7],"syndrome":[8],"carrying":[9],"substantial":[10],"morbidity":[11],"when":[12],"unrecognised,":[13],"prospective":[15],"data":[16],"from":[17],"Northern":[18],"India":[19],"are":[20],"limited.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23],"characterised":[24],"its":[25],"phenomenology,":[26],"diagnostic":[27],"associations,":[28],"treatment":[29],"response":[30,93],"short-term":[32],"outcome.Materials":[33],"Methods:":[35],"Consecutive":[36],"adult":[37],"inpatients":[38],"meeting":[39],"DSM-5":[40],"criteria":[41],"for":[42],"catatonia":[43],"with":[44,105,206,212],"positive":[46,161,220],"Bush\u2013Francis":[47,59],"Screening":[49],"Instrument":[50],"were":[51,65,72,113],"enrolled":[52,114],"prospectively":[53],"rated":[55],"on":[56,240],"the":[57,216],"23-item":[58],"Rating":[61],"Scale":[62],"(BFCRS);":[63],"diagnoses":[64],"established":[66],"using":[67],"MINI":[68],"7.0.2.":[69],"Secondary":[70],"causes":[71],"assessed":[73],"by":[74],"neurological":[75],"examination":[76],"protocolised":[79],"investigation":[80],"panel.":[81],"Patients":[82],"received":[83],"lorazepam":[85,158,217,241],"challenge;":[86],"modified":[87],"electroconvulsive":[88],"therapy":[89],"(m-ECT)":[90],"followed":[91],"partial":[92],"or":[94],"recurrence":[95],"during":[96],"tapering.":[97],"Resolution":[98],"was":[99,123,140,160,202,219],"defined":[100],"as":[101],"negative":[103],"screen":[104],"BFCRS":[106,138],"\u22642":[107],"sustained":[108,238],"48":[109],"hours.Results:":[110],"Forty-six":[111],"patients":[112,197],"(56.5%":[115],"male;":[116],"56.5%":[117],"aged":[118],"18\u201330":[119],"years).":[120],"Bipolar":[121],"disorder":[122,132,208],"commonest":[124],"(33,":[125],"71.7%),":[126],"then":[127],"schizophrenia":[128],"major":[130],"depressive":[131],"(5,":[133],"10.9%":[134],"each).":[135],"Mean":[136],"baseline":[137],"total":[139],"14.00":[141],"\u00b1":[142],"4.12.":[143],"Retarded":[144],"signs":[145],"predominated:":[146],"mutism,":[147],"posturing,":[148],"rigidity,":[149],"negativism":[150],"withdrawal":[152],"each":[153],"occurred":[154],"in":[155,162,184,199,221],"100%.":[156],"The":[157],"challenge":[159,218,233],"42":[163],"of":[164,170,177,186,195,224],"46":[165,178,187],"(91.3%),":[166],"yet":[167],"only":[168],"9":[169],"these":[171],"(21.4%)":[172],"resolved":[173,183],"without":[174],"m-ECT;":[175],"36":[176],"(78.3%)":[179],"required":[180,229],"it.":[181],"44":[185],"(95.7%)":[188],"before":[189],"discharge.":[190],"At":[191],"four":[192],"weeks,":[193],"30":[194],"40":[196],"remained":[198],"remission.Conclusion:":[200],"most":[203,227],"often":[204],"associated":[205],"bipolar":[207],"presented":[210],"predominantly":[211],"retarded":[213],"signs.":[214],"Although":[215],"over":[222],"nine":[223],"ten":[225],"patients,":[226],"still":[228],"m-ECT,":[230],"indicating":[231],"that":[232],"responsiveness":[234],"did":[235],"not":[236],"predict":[237],"remission":[239],"alone.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
