{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224113268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","title":"Lessons From a Longtime Counter-Disinformation Practitioner","display_name":"Lessons From a Longtime Counter-Disinformation Practitioner","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224113268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23794607261480846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180011","display_name":"Behavioral Science & Policy","issn_l":"2379-4607","issn":["2379-4607","2379-4615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Science & Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028463931","display_name":"Todd Leventhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-0916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-0916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340685415","display_name":"United States Department of State","ror":"https://ror.org/03vvynj75","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340685415"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Leventhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Retired, U.S. Department of State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retired, U.S. Department of State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340685415"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028463931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340685415"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89872048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"disinformation","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countering-disinformation","display_name":"countering disinformation","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debunking","display_name":"debunking","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conspiracy-theories","display_name":"conspiracy theories","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-disinformation","display_name":"Russian disinformation","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-s-information-agency","display_name":"U.S. Information Agency","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-department","display_name":"State Department","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lessons-learned","display_name":"lessons learned","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.809499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5446000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59577422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10265143","display_name":"False accusation","level":2,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7332905","display_name":"Ridiculous","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779944411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264558","display_name":"Deskilling","level":3,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.2653999924659729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/23794607261480846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180011","display_name":"Behavioral Science & Policy","issn_l":"2379-4607","issn":["2379-4607","2379-4615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Science & Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23794607261480846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261480846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180011","display_name":"Behavioral Science & Policy","issn_l":"2379-4607","issn":["2379-4607","2379-4615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Science & Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037112928","https://openalex.org/W3096296182","https://openalex.org/W4231856935","https://openalex.org/W4324348070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382600356","https://openalex.org/W7065318907","https://openalex.org/W6889679305","https://openalex.org/W4405071145","https://openalex.org/W7161714691","https://openalex.org/W4401397651","https://openalex.org/W4324348070","https://openalex.org/W7160640463","https://openalex.org/W4401780063","https://openalex.org/W4416356617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"task":[1],"of":[2,121],"countering":[3],"deliberate":[4],"disinformation":[5],"and":[6,26,36,44,57,81,92],"unintentional":[7],"misinformation":[8],"has":[9],"become":[10,111],"a":[11,105,112],"veritable":[12],"cottage":[13],"industry":[14],"in":[15],"recent":[16],"years.":[17],"Before":[18],"this,":[19],"the":[20,48,53,59,88,97,119],"article":[21],"author":[22],"countered":[23],"Soviet,":[24],"Russian,":[25],"Iraqi":[27],"disinformation,":[28,76],"as":[29,31,47,115],"well":[30],"false":[32],"anti-American":[33],"urban":[34],"legends":[35],"conspiracy":[37,84],"theories":[38],"for":[39,96,104,123],"25":[40],"years":[41],"between":[42],"1987":[43],"2023,":[45],"often":[46],"sole":[49],"counter-disinformation":[50],"expert":[51],"at":[52,64],"U.S.":[54],"Information":[55],"Agency":[56],"subsequently":[58],"State":[60],"Department,":[61],"including":[62,74],"later":[63],"its":[65],"Global":[66],"Engagement":[67],"Center.":[68],"He":[69,86],"recounts":[70],"claims":[71],"he":[72,90],"debunked,":[73],"AIDS":[75],"child":[77],"organ":[78],"trafficking":[79],"rumors,":[80],"September":[82],"11":[83],"theories.":[85],"discusses":[87],"methods":[89],"used":[91],"offers":[93],"lessons":[94],"learned":[95],"future":[98],"from":[99],"his":[100],"long,":[101],"unique":[102],"career":[103],"challenge":[106],"that":[107],"is":[108],"certain":[109],"to":[110],"growing":[113],"concern":[114],"new":[116],"technology":[117],"enables":[118],"fine-tuning":[120],"messages":[122],"increasing":[124],"audiences":[125],"worldwide.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}