{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224110714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11","title":"Self-Management Behaviours and Health Literacy in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review.","display_name":"Self-Management Behaviours and Health Literacy in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review.","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224110714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70672/m9wk5c11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.unikl.edu.my/index.php/ajmhs/article/download/1182/972","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407015467","display_name":"Asian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences","issn_l":"2637-0603","issn":["2637-0603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","host_organization_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ejournal.unikl.edu.my/index.php/ajmhs/article/download/1182/972","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160046994","display_name":"Shuwei Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Jalan Universiti 1, 43400 Serdang, Selangor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Jalan Universiti 1, 43400 Serdang, Selangor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160033326","display_name":"Paramesevary Subramaniam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paramesevary Subramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Jalan Universiti 1, 43400 Serdang, Selangor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Jalan Universiti 1, 43400 Serdang, Selangor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160033332","display_name":"Qizhi Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109624","display_name":"Shangqiu First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/025gwsg11","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109624"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qizhi Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shangqiu First People's Hospital, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shangqiu First People's Hospital, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109624"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159997835","display_name":"Siew Hong Hng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-534X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-534X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siew Hong Hng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Jalan Universiti 1, 43400 Serdang, Selangor"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-534X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Jalan Universiti 1, 43400 Serdang, Selangor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85692163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.13379999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-literacy","display_name":"health literacy","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-self-management","display_name":"diabetes self-management","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-efficacy","display_name":"self-efficacy","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ehealth-literacy","display_name":"digital health literacy","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-literacy","display_name":"digital literacy","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cognitive-theory","display_name":"social cognitive theory","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-knowledge","display_name":"diabetes knowledge","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-factors","display_name":"cultural factors","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-interventions","display_name":"digital interventions","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778843546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3097973","display_name":"Health literacy","level":3,"score":0.7660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.5760999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778080475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4353774","display_name":"Health communication","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2669999897480011}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70672/m9wk5c11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.unikl.edu.my/index.php/ajmhs/article/download/1182/972","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407015467","display_name":"Asian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences","issn_l":"2637-0603","issn":["2637-0603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","host_organization_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ejournal.unikl.edu.my:article/1182","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ejournal.unikl.edu.my/index.php/ajmhs/article/view/1182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407015467","display_name":"Asian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences","issn_l":"2637-0603","issn":["2637-0603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","host_organization_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.70672/xcm9bj23","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70672/m9wk5c11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70672/m9wk5c11","pdf_url":"https://ejournal.unikl.edu.my/index.php/ajmhs/article/download/1182/972","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407015467","display_name":"Asian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences","issn_l":"2637-0603","issn":["2637-0603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","host_organization_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322714","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335206","display_name":"Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224110714.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224110714.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032243575","https://openalex.org/W2075950485","https://openalex.org/W2105099865","https://openalex.org/W2192199706","https://openalex.org/W2316261913","https://openalex.org/W2517720630","https://openalex.org/W2798265250","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2922339321","https://openalex.org/W2957851067","https://openalex.org/W2985479107","https://openalex.org/W3035625694","https://openalex.org/W3133264142","https://openalex.org/W3133549039","https://openalex.org/W4206585801","https://openalex.org/W4254865137","https://openalex.org/W4281561848","https://openalex.org/W4289688412","https://openalex.org/W4313361290","https://openalex.org/W4376871178","https://openalex.org/W4379165485","https://openalex.org/W4383215195","https://openalex.org/W4385431050","https://openalex.org/W4392797329","https://openalex.org/W4399009018","https://openalex.org/W4400368722","https://openalex.org/W4402527693","https://openalex.org/W4404613365","https://openalex.org/W4410192098","https://openalex.org/W4410396297","https://openalex.org/W4417523995","https://openalex.org/W7083711761","https://openalex.org/W7135104066","https://openalex.org/W7161009349","https://openalex.org/W7165734253","https://openalex.org/W7167684065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200554859","https://openalex.org/W7202016030","https://openalex.org/W2096612261","https://openalex.org/W2985479107","https://openalex.org/W2235212692","https://openalex.org/W2084363695","https://openalex.org/W2388748463","https://openalex.org/W7224096446","https://openalex.org/W4399333417","https://openalex.org/W4390062771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Self-management":[1],"of":[2,92,257],"diabetes":[3,111,159,228],"is":[4,17,234],"significantly":[5],"affected":[6],"by":[7],"health":[8,37,108,166,169,204,232,249],"literacy;":[9],"however,":[10,203],"its":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,56,88,117],"affecting":[14],"specific":[15],"behaviours":[16,41],"not":[18],"well":[19],"understood.":[20],"This":[21],"scoping":[22,52],"review":[23,53],"synthesised":[24,134],"the":[25,29,59,69,198],"existing":[26],"evidence":[27],"on":[28,138],"mechanisms,":[30],"mediators,":[31],"and":[32,66,76,94,110,133,156,164,179,188,212,231,242,251,262],"contextual":[33],"factors":[34],"through":[35],"which":[36,168],"literacy":[38,109,170,205,233,250],"influences":[39,171],"self-management":[40,112,230,256],"among":[42,113,227],"adults":[43,114,258],"with":[44,58,115,259],"Type":[45],"2":[46,174],"Diabetes":[47],"Mellitus":[48],"(T2DM).":[49],"Methods:":[50],"The":[51,225],"was":[54,86,197,207],"conducted":[55,87],"accordance":[57],"Joanna":[60],"Briggs":[61],"Institute":[62],"(JBI)":[63],"methodological":[64],"framework":[65],"reported":[67,201],"following":[68],"Preferred":[70],"Reporting":[71],"Items":[72],"for":[73,79,238],"Systematic":[74],"Reviews":[75,81],"Meta-Analyses":[77],"Extension":[78],"Scoping":[80],"(PRISMA-ScR).":[82],"A":[83],"systematic":[84],"search":[85],"PubMed/MEDLINE,":[89],"Scopus,":[90],"Web":[91],"Science,":[93],"Google":[95],"Scholar":[96],"from":[97],"inception":[98],"to":[99,209,253,267],"July":[100],"2026.":[101],"Studies":[102],"were":[103,128,131,145,215],"eligible":[104],"if":[105],"they":[106],"examined":[107],"T2DM":[116],"any":[118],"healthcare":[119],"or":[120,192],"community":[121],"setting":[122],"worldwide.":[123],"Following":[124],"screening,":[125],"twenty-four":[126],"studies":[127,264],"included.":[129],"Data":[130],"charted":[132],"into":[135,147],"themes":[136],"based":[137],"Bandura's":[139],"Social":[140],"Cognitive":[141],"Theory.":[142],"Results:":[143],"Findings":[144],"organised":[146],"two":[148],"themes.":[149],"Theme":[150,173],"1":[151],"identified":[152,175],"cognitive,":[153],"behavioural,":[154],"psychological,":[155],"interpersonal":[157],"mechanisms\u2014including":[158],"knowledge,":[160],"self-efficacy,":[161],"social":[162],"support,":[163],"digital":[165,189,213,222],"literacy\u2014through":[167],"self-management.":[172],"individual,":[176],"social,":[177],"cultural,":[178],"healthcare-system":[180],"factors\u2014including":[181],"age,":[182],"gender,":[183],"education,":[184],"socioeconomic":[185],"status,":[186],"culture,":[187],"competence\u2014that":[190],"mediate":[191],"moderate":[193],"this":[194],"relationship.":[195],"Self-efficacy":[196],"most":[199],"frequently":[200],"mediator;":[202],"alone":[206],"insufficient":[208],"improve":[210,254],"outcomes,":[211,229],"interventions":[214,245],"effective":[216],"only":[217],"when":[218],"patients":[219],"possessed":[220],"adequate":[221],"literacy.":[223],"Conclusion:":[224],"association":[226],"multifaceted.":[235],"It":[236],"calls":[237],"multifaceted,":[239],"culturally":[240],"responsive":[241],"digitally":[243],"inclusive":[244],"that":[246],"simultaneously":[247],"build":[248],"self-efficacy":[252],"sustainable":[255],"T2DM.":[260],"Longitudinal":[261],"intervention":[263],"are":[265],"needed":[266],"establish":[268],"causal":[269],"relationships.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}