{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224109016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","title":"Smart Gold Nanoprobe for CT Imaging of Granzyme-B Activity: towards Early Immunotherapy Response Monitoring","display_name":"Smart Gold Nanoprobe for CT Imaging of Granzyme-B Activity: towards Early Immunotherapy Response Monitoring","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224109016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/bcches/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383/69013559/bc6c00383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155115410","display_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","issn_l":"1043-1802","issn":["1043-1802","1520-4812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/bcches/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383/69013559/bc6c00383.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092371914","display_name":"Mohammed Alqudwa Fattouh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alqudwa Fattouh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160023919","display_name":"Aimane Danana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aimane Danana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065534207","display_name":"Irene Zabala Guti\u00e9rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-0211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-0211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Zabala-Gutie\u0301rrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-0211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119022237","display_name":"Alejandro Ruperti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4537-6961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4537-6961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Ruperti-Repilado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059944301","display_name":"Guillermo Garaulet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-5173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-5173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillermo Garaulet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-5173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160031381","display_name":"Guillermo Medrano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillermo Medrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078713777","display_name":"Francisca Mulero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-4211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-4211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisca Mulero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018288139","display_name":"Jorge Rubio\u2010Retama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-5844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-5844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Rubio-Retama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-5844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072537738","display_name":"Gonzalo Villaverde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-0417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-0417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089594","display_name":"Spanish National Cancer Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvhmc43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalo Villaverde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-0417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018288139","https://openalex.org/A5072537738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I4210089594"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7455313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10131","display_name":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","score":0.07760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-nanospheres","display_name":"gold nanospheres","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granzyme-b","display_name":"granzyme B","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-activity-imaging","display_name":"enzyme activity imaging","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"computed tomography","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-response-monitoring","display_name":"immunotherapy response monitoring","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-t-lymphocytes","display_name":"cytotoxic T lymphocytes","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b16f10-melanoma","display_name":"B16F10 melanoma","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctll-2-cells","display_name":"CTLL-2 cells","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-treatment-response","display_name":"early treatment response","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16387964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964101","display_name":"Nanoprobe","level":3,"score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7049000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780380082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12646460","display_name":"Granzyme B","level":4,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.583899974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183193105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425068","display_name":"Granzyme","level":5,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136339569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142297","display_name":"Molecular imaging","level":3,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104819515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900961","display_name":"Colloidal gold","level":3,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51785407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627568","display_name":"Effector","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172847","display_name":"Peptide","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197336794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161150","display_name":"Conjugate","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2689000070095062}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/bcches/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383/69013559/bc6c00383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155115410","display_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","issn_l":"1043-1802","issn":["1043-1802","1520-4812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/bcches/article-pdf/doi/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6c00383/69013559/bc6c00383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155115410","display_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","issn_l":"1043-1802","issn":["1043-1802","1520-4812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2590921597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S2022/BMD-7403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6391634175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RENIM-CM S2022/BMD-7403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8491621846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224109016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224109016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1251599274","https://openalex.org/W1516464304","https://openalex.org/W1973681903","https://openalex.org/W2011407829","https://openalex.org/W2039557460","https://openalex.org/W2045883564","https://openalex.org/W2063318887","https://openalex.org/W2067288122","https://openalex.org/W2096007442","https://openalex.org/W2107910518","https://openalex.org/W2113053092","https://openalex.org/W2137335948","https://openalex.org/W2156179144","https://openalex.org/W2161193578","https://openalex.org/W2177971463","https://openalex.org/W2261575366","https://openalex.org/W2263759961","https://openalex.org/W2563094871","https://openalex.org/W2611333272","https://openalex.org/W2615152981","https://openalex.org/W2792844886","https://openalex.org/W2888775013","https://openalex.org/W2898723097","https://openalex.org/W2919408988","https://openalex.org/W2928981684","https://openalex.org/W2943781197","https://openalex.org/W2955786199","https://openalex.org/W2970636828","https://openalex.org/W2981077120","https://openalex.org/W2981314408","https://openalex.org/W2984395468","https://openalex.org/W3004769637","https://openalex.org/W3012051306","https://openalex.org/W3012484408","https://openalex.org/W3023745224","https://openalex.org/W3029381378","https://openalex.org/W3036829751","https://openalex.org/W3087683890","https://openalex.org/W3089527184","https://openalex.org/W3111464492","https://openalex.org/W3127470607","https://openalex.org/W3148450417","https://openalex.org/W3158596556","https://openalex.org/W3178157575","https://openalex.org/W3203114048","https://openalex.org/W4205838701","https://openalex.org/W4225264553","https://openalex.org/W4281569520","https://openalex.org/W4295901503","https://openalex.org/W4306692674","https://openalex.org/W4307230711","https://openalex.org/W4321748633","https://openalex.org/W4397014759","https://openalex.org/W4400613169","https://openalex.org/W4405843772","https://openalex.org/W4406863992","https://openalex.org/W4407909556","https://openalex.org/W4412699833","https://openalex.org/W4414092953","https://openalex.org/W4414945260","https://openalex.org/W7125146150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412699833","https://openalex.org/W3089527184","https://openalex.org/W4413788487","https://openalex.org/W4376618486","https://openalex.org/W4400613169","https://openalex.org/W4307230711","https://openalex.org/W3111464492","https://openalex.org/W4414233950","https://openalex.org/W2888775013","https://openalex.org/W4293559850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Immunotherapy":[1],"effectiveness":[2],"varies":[3],"widely":[4],"among":[5],"patients,":[6],"strongly":[7],"impacting":[8],"outcomes":[9],"and":[10,38,91,124,142,160,179],"long-term":[11],"survival.":[12],"Early":[13],"detection":[14],"of":[15,48,139,183],"therapeutic":[16],"response":[17,36],"is":[18,101],"essential,":[19],"as":[20],"timely":[21],"treatment":[22,186],"adjustments":[23],"can":[24],"improve":[25],"prognosis.":[26],"However,":[27],"conventional":[28],"diagnostic":[29],"tools":[30],"often":[31],"lack":[32],"sensitivity":[33],"for":[34,45],"early":[35],"detection,":[37],"current":[39],"imaging":[40],"techniques":[41],"are":[42],"poorly":[43],"suited":[44],"real-time":[46],"monitoring":[47],"immunotherapy":[49,185],"efficacy.":[50],"To":[51],"overcome":[52],"this":[53],"limitation,":[54],"we":[55],"developed":[56],"a":[57,66,136],"hybrid":[58],"nanoprobe":[59,74,131,158,173],"based":[60],"on":[61],"gold":[62],"nanospheres":[63],"functionalized":[64],"with":[65],"Granzyme":[67,76],"B-cleavable":[68],"peptide\u2212polyethylene":[69],"glycol":[70],"conjugate":[71],"(GNS@pep-PEG).":[72],"This":[73,167],"detects":[75],"B":[77],"(GzmB)":[78],"activity":[79,178],"using":[80],"computed":[81],"tomography":[82],"(CT).":[83],"The":[84],"probe":[85],"remains":[86],"colloidally":[87],"stable":[88],"in":[89,95,135],"circulation":[90],"becomes":[92],"selectively":[93],"activated":[94],"the":[96,113,130,171,181],"tumor":[97],"microenvironment":[98],"when":[99],"GzmB":[100,150],"released":[102],"by":[103],"immune":[104],"effector":[105],"cells":[106],"during":[107],"effective":[108],"immunotherapy.":[109],"Peptide":[110],"cleavage":[111],"removes":[112],"PEG":[114],"shell,":[115],"exposing":[116],"hydrophobic":[117],"cholesterol":[118],"groups":[119],"that":[120],"trigger":[121],"nanoparticle":[122],"aggregation":[123],"enhance":[125],"CT":[126,162],"contrast.":[127],"In":[128,152],"vitro,":[129],"showed":[132],"selective":[133],"activation":[134],"co-culture":[137],"model":[138],"B16F10":[140],"melanoma":[141],"CTLL-2":[143],"cytotoxic":[144],"T":[145],"cells,":[146],"while":[147],"monocultures":[148],"confirmed":[149],"specificity.":[151],"vivo,":[153],"GzmB-treated":[154],"mice":[155],"exhibited":[156],"increased":[157],"accumulation":[159],"enhanced":[161],"contrast":[163],"at":[164],"injection":[165],"sites.":[166],"proof-of-concept":[168],"study":[169],"validates":[170],"gold-based":[172],"platform\u2019s":[174],"performance,":[175],"ensuring":[176],"enzyme":[177],"opening":[180],"possibility":[182],"following":[184],"outcomes.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}