{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224107183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","title":"Iranian parents\u2019 needs and willingness to use serious games for child sexual abuse prevention: a cross-sectional study","display_name":"Iranian parents\u2019 needs and willingness to use serious games for child sexual abuse prevention: a cross-sectional study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224107183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077544164","display_name":"Afsoon Asadzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-3357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-3357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afsoon Asadzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","Working Group of Psychiatry and Psychology Culture-based Knowledge Development, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Working Group of Psychiatry and Psychology Culture-based Knowledge Development, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064451357","display_name":"Behzad Shalchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-2919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-2919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Shalchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088031075","display_name":"Peyman Rezaei\u2010Hachesu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-5100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-5100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peyman Rezaei-Hachesu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025702118","display_name":"Hassan Shahrokhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-5344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-5344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Shahrokhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060736329","display_name":"Zhila Khamnian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhila Khamnian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060736329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87643572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.45509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.45509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.4047999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serious-games","display_name":"serious games","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-sexual-abuse-prevention","display_name":"child sexual abuse prevention","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-education","display_name":"sex education","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-perceptions","display_name":"parental attitudes","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-needs","display_name":"parental needs","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iranian-parents","display_name":"Iranian parents","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culturally-sensitive-education","display_name":"culturally sensitive education","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-educational-tools","display_name":"digital educational tools","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-development","display_name":"questionnaire development","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-safety-education","display_name":"child safety education","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-involvement-in-child-development","display_name":"parental involvement in child development","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994049219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26553","display_name":"Child sexual abuse","level":5,"score":0.6302000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.620199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53813258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136","display_name":"Human sexuality","level":2,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992354236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43414","display_name":"Sexual abuse","level":4,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993879237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192280","display_name":"Sexuality education","level":4,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993946119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167191","display_name":"Child abuse","level":4,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28718268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118620","display_name":"Needs assessment","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179077568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336254","display_name":"Social norms approach","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30060-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7115563956","https://openalex.org/W2951919303","https://openalex.org/W1903192318","https://openalex.org/W2624721640","https://openalex.org/W4206278279","https://openalex.org/W7167417410","https://openalex.org/W3205309124","https://openalex.org/W7100416080","https://openalex.org/W2970449796","https://openalex.org/W4242629079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Child":[0],"sexual":[1],"abuse":[2],"(CSA)":[3],"prevention":[4],"requires":[5],"culturally":[6,359],"sensitive":[7],"and":[8,48,55,101,112,165,174,205,308,336,349,362],"developmentally":[9],"appropriate":[10],"educational":[11,32,64,212,233,272],"strategies.":[12],"Parents":[13,269,288,324],"play":[14],"a":[15,62,144,208,247,343,372],"crucial":[16],"role":[17],"in":[18,178,189,246,391],"children\u2019s":[19,203],"sexuality":[20,104,200],"education":[21,105,201],"(SE);":[22],"however,":[23],"limited":[24],"information":[25],"exists":[26],"about":[27],"their":[28,56],"perceptions":[29],"of":[30,182,199],"innovative":[31],"approaches,":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35,61],"serious":[36],"games":[37,220],"(SGs).":[38],"This":[39,66],"study":[40,68,366],"aimed":[41],"to":[42,58,114,278,296,315,352],"assess":[43],"Iranian":[44,73,92,184,340],"parents\u2019":[45,108],"perceived":[46,109,230,309,345],"needs":[47],"attitudes":[49],"regarding":[50],"SE":[51,291,348],"for":[52,202,210,221,232,347],"CSA":[53],"prevention,":[54],"willingness":[57,113,277,314,351,378],"use":[59,115,279,297,316,353],"SGs":[60,280,298,317],"supportive":[63,211],"tool.":[65],"cross-sectional":[67],"was":[69,119,226,255],"conducted":[70],"among":[71,140],"219":[72,183],"parents":[74,142,185,194,341],"(79%":[75,186],"mothers)":[76,187],"with":[77,229,250,270,289,313],"at":[78],"least":[79],"one":[80],"child":[81],"under":[82],"18":[83],"years,":[84],"recruited":[85],"via":[86,127,133],"an":[87],"online":[88],"survey":[89],"distributed":[90],"across":[91],"provinces.":[93],"A":[94,180],"researcher-developed":[95],"questionnaire,":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98,329],"expert":[99],"input":[100],"the":[102,134,190,197,253],"UNESCO":[103],"framework,":[106],"assessed":[107,139],"needs,":[110],"attitudes,":[111],"SGs.":[116],"Content":[117],"validity":[118],"evaluated":[120,390],"by":[121],"nine":[122],"experts":[123],"(CVR":[124],"=":[125,131,152,157,237,240,244,260,263,267,283,300,306,319],"0.94,":[126],"Lawshe\u2019s":[128],"method;":[129],"CVI":[130],"0.99,":[132],"I-CVI/S-CVI/Ave":[135],"procedure).":[136],"Test\u2013retest":[137],"reliability,":[138],"20":[141],"over":[143],"one-week":[145],"interval,":[146],"demonstrated":[147,381],"excellent":[148],"stability":[149],"(Spearman\u2019s":[150],"\u03c1":[151],"0.90;":[153],"ICC":[154],"[1,":[155],"3]":[156],"0.83).":[158],"Data":[159],"were":[160,293],"analyzed":[161],"using":[162],"descriptive":[163],"statistics":[164],"nonparametric":[166],"tests,":[167],"including":[168],"chi-square,":[169],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[170],"H,":[171],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[172],"U,":[173],"Spearman":[175],"correlation,":[176],"performed":[177],"Python.":[179],"total":[181],"participated":[188],"study.":[191],"Almost":[192],"all":[193],"(99.5%)":[195],"recognized":[196],"importance":[198],"safety,":[204],"94.5%":[206],"reported":[207,342],"need":[209,231,310,346],"tools,":[213],"although":[214],"74.9%":[215],"had":[216],"never":[217],"used":[218],"digital":[219],"this":[222,365],"purpose.":[223],"Educational":[224],"level":[225],"significantly":[227],"associated":[228],"tools":[234],"(\u03c7\u00b2":[235,258],"[16]":[236],"31.556,":[238],"p":[239,262,285,302,321],"0.012,":[241],"Cram\u00e9r\u2019s":[242,265],"V":[243,266],"0.190);":[245],"sensitivity":[248],"analysis":[249],"collapsed":[251],"categories,":[252],"association":[254],"also":[256,274],"significant":[257],"[4]":[259],"14.725,":[261],"0.005,":[264],"0.183).":[268],"higher":[271],"attainment":[273],"showed":[275],"greater":[276],"(H":[281],"[5]":[282],"43.688,":[284],"<":[286,303,322],"0.001).":[287,323],"prior":[290],"experience":[292],"more":[294],"willing":[295],"(U":[299],"4706.0,":[301],"0.001,":[304],"r":[305],"0.264),":[307],"correlated":[311],"positively":[312],"(\u03c1":[318],"0.358,":[320],"most":[325],"often":[326],"prioritized":[327],"content":[328,357],"body":[330],"awareness,":[331],"personal":[332],"boundaries,":[333],"refusal":[334],"skills,":[335],"identifying":[337],"trusted":[338],"adults.":[339],"strong":[344],"conditional":[350],"SGs,":[354],"particularly":[355],"when":[356],"is":[358],"appropriate,":[360],"age-specific,":[361],"expert-validated.":[363],"As":[364],"did":[367],"not":[368],"develop":[369],"or":[370,384],"test":[371],"SG,":[373],"these":[374,386],"findings":[375],"indicate":[376],"parental":[377],"rather":[379],"than":[380],"acceptability,":[382],"feasibility,":[383],"effectiveness;":[385],"outcomes":[387],"should":[388],"be":[389],"future":[392],"intervention":[393],"studies.":[394]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
