{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224105148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","title":"Britain's Last Line of Defence: Pillboxes, Stop Lines and the Sea Lion Coast in the Defence of Britain Database","display_name":"Britain's Last Line of Defence: Pillboxes, Stop Lines and the Sea Lion Coast in the Defence of Britain Database","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224105148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23727130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081266831","display_name":"Tristan Hotham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-9349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-9349"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hotham, Tristan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent researcher"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-9349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent researcher","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081266831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12364","display_name":"Archaeological Research and Protection","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12670","display_name":"Urbanism, Landscape, and Tourism Studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pillbox","display_name":"pillbox","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stop-lines","display_name":"stop lines","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operation-sea-lion","display_name":"Operation Sea Lion","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minefields","display_name":"minefields","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-conditions","display_name":"site conditions","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openstreetmap","display_name":"OpenStreetMap","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teesside","display_name":"Teesside","score":0.6959999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5497999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86154893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190928","display_name":"Shipyard","level":3,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37246793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93318","display_name":"Nautical mile","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776092919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072","display_name":"Estonian","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986433049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545","display_name":"Baltic sea","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018484058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621404","display_name":"East coast","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23431538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2640507","display_name":"Rookery","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992026346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191468","display_name":"Open sea","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019450321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q248610","display_name":"West coast","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23727130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23727131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23727130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23727130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6894226363","https://openalex.org/W2029496494","https://openalex.org/W7023459469","https://openalex.org/W192002311","https://openalex.org/W7168157356","https://openalex.org/W6931702187","https://openalex.org/W132264796","https://openalex.org/W4206703159","https://openalex.org/W2473793529","https://openalex.org/W4253203721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1940":[1],"Britain":[2,21],"built":[3],"thousands":[4],"of":[5,20,81,93,97,112,127,132,135,146,155,183,194,233,238],"pillboxes,":[6],"anti-tank":[7],"obstacles":[8],"and":[9,62,99,103,114,158,166,178,212,217,243,253],"inland":[10],"stop":[11,108],"lines":[12,109],"against":[13,122],"an":[14],"expected":[15],"German":[16,69],"invasion.":[17],"The":[18,169,228],"Defence":[19],"Project,":[22],"a":[23,86,198,224,231],"volunteer":[24],"survey":[25],"run":[26],"by":[27,173],"the":[28,53,68,128,133,150,153,156,161,174,179,221],"Council":[29],"for":[30],"British":[31],"Archaeology":[32],"from":[33,215],"1995":[34],"to":[35,50,75,189,219],"2002,":[36],"recorded":[37,59,142,181,195],"what":[38,234],"was":[39,58,241],"left.":[40],"I":[41,207,244],"use":[42],"its":[43],"open":[44],"database,":[45],"14,690":[46],"located":[47],"site":[48],"records,":[49],"ask":[51],"where":[52,67],"defences":[54,222],"were,":[55],"how":[56],"much":[57],"as":[60,247],"standing,":[61],"whether":[63],"they":[64],"were":[65,90],"concentrated":[66],"plan,":[70],"Operation":[71],"Sea":[72],"Lion,":[73],"intended":[74],"land.":[76],"Pillboxes":[77],"make":[78],"up":[79],"55%":[80],"records.":[82],"Of":[83],"sites":[84,116,143],"with":[85],"known":[87],"condition,":[88],"71%":[89],"standing:":[91],"81%":[92],"pillboxes":[94,196],"but":[95],"12%":[96],"beach":[98,175],"landing":[100,130],"obstacles,":[101],"mines":[102],"flame":[104],"traps.":[105],"90":[106],"named":[107],"hold":[110],"37%":[111],"sites,":[113],"their":[115],"survived":[117],"better":[118],"than":[119],"others":[120],"(81%":[121],"65%).":[123],"Within":[124],"10":[125],"km":[126,145],"four":[129],"beaches":[131],"plan":[134],"30":[136],"August":[137],"1940,":[138],"there":[139],"are":[140],"5.6":[141],"per":[144],"coast,":[147],"2.3":[148],"times":[149],"density":[151],"along":[152],"rest":[154],"south":[157],"east":[159],"coast;":[160],"result":[162],"holds":[163],"at":[164],"5":[165],"20":[167],"km.":[168],"excess":[170],"is":[171,185,230],"driven":[172],"nearest":[176],"France,":[177],"densest":[180],"stretch":[182],"coast":[184],"Teesside,":[186],"which":[187],"points":[188],"uneven":[190],"recording.":[191],"Only":[192],"13%":[193],"have":[197],"pillbox":[199],"mapped":[200],"on":[201],"OpenStreetMap":[202],"within":[203],"50":[204],"m":[205],"today.":[206],"add":[208],"airfields,":[209],"radar":[210],"stations":[211],"naval":[213],"dockyards":[214],"Wikidata":[216],"Wikipedia":[218],"place":[220],"in":[223],"wider":[225],"wartime":[226],"landscape.":[227],"database":[229],"map":[232],"volunteers":[235],"recorded,":[236],"not":[237],"everything":[239],"that":[240],"built,":[242],"treat":[245],"it":[246],"such.":[248],"Interactive":[249],"version:":[250],"https://tristan-hotham.github.io/stop-lines/.":[251],"Data":[252],"code:":[254],"https://github.com/Tristan-Hotham/stop-lines.":[255],"Blog":[256],"post:":[257],"https://blog.tristanhotham.com/2026/10/28/stop-lines/.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}