{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224104331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","title":"Serum Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Their Association with Cognitive Performance and Disease Severity in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","display_name":"Serum Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Their Association with Cognitive Performance and Disease Severity in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224104331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","pdf_url":"https://msarjournals.com/index.php/whrmp/article/download/3/8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407121711","display_name":"Journal of Women s Health Reproductive Medicine and Physiology","issn_l":"3137-1876","issn":["3137-1876","3137-1884"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Women's Health, Reproductive Medicine and Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://msarjournals.com/index.php/whrmp/article/download/3/8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159987269","display_name":"Saeeda Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8642-7399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8642-7399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeeda Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8642-7399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160063862","display_name":"Muhammad Abdullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150573988","display_name":"Khadeejah Qadir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khadeejah Qadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdul Aziz University of Health Sciences, KSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdul Aziz University of Health Sciences, KSA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150668747","display_name":"Shareefa  Bint-e Umar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shareefa Bint-e Umar","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdul Aziz University of Health Sciences, KSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdul Aziz University of Health Sciences, KSA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84346677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14144","display_name":"Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor","display_name":"brain-derived neurotrophic factor","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-growth-factor","display_name":"nerve growth factor","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-performance","display_name":"cognitive performance","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mini-mental-state-examination","display_name":"Mini-Mental State Examination","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/montreal-cognitive-assessment","display_name":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-duration","display_name":"disease duration","score":0.7229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.776199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778790584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123045","display_name":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor","level":4,"score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776632958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6906262","display_name":"Montreal Cognitive Assessment","level":4,"score":0.7103999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.673799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778423431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417782","display_name":"Nerve growth factor","level":3,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160539049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064187","display_name":"Neurotrophic factors","level":3,"score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779077818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913257","display_name":"Mini\u2013Mental State Examination","level":4,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777427615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954257","display_name":"Degenerative disease","level":3,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92020748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420457","display_name":"Neurotrophin","level":3,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062122","display_name":"Central nervous system disease","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017807761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708176","display_name":"Joint disease","level":4,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","pdf_url":"https://msarjournals.com/index.php/whrmp/article/download/3/8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407121711","display_name":"Journal of Women s Health Reproductive Medicine and Physiology","issn_l":"3137-1876","issn":["3137-1876","3137-1884"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Women's Health, Reproductive Medicine and Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68041/jwhrmp.v1i1/02","pdf_url":"https://msarjournals.com/index.php/whrmp/article/download/3/8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407121711","display_name":"Journal of Women s Health Reproductive Medicine and Physiology","issn_l":"3137-1876","issn":["3137-1876","3137-1884"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Women's Health, Reproductive Medicine and Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224104331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224104331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22064310","https://openalex.org/W2972648101","https://openalex.org/W3029938902","https://openalex.org/W3107350394","https://openalex.org/W4295067333","https://openalex.org/W4309946807","https://openalex.org/W4310568789","https://openalex.org/W4327844772","https://openalex.org/W4328097193","https://openalex.org/W4376642451","https://openalex.org/W4385331568","https://openalex.org/W4386767348","https://openalex.org/W4386859855","https://openalex.org/W4389733689","https://openalex.org/W4399383559","https://openalex.org/W4407688144","https://openalex.org/W4410713893","https://openalex.org/W4412548461","https://openalex.org/W4415945511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004504231","https://openalex.org/W2054115452","https://openalex.org/W2019297242","https://openalex.org/W3104079601","https://openalex.org/W6989680234","https://openalex.org/W4327606718","https://openalex.org/W7065807396","https://openalex.org/W2040130200","https://openalex.org/W2103119955","https://openalex.org/W1702230308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Alzheimer's":[1],"disease":[2,8,206,245],"(AD)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,195],"progressive,":[6],"neurodegenerative":[7],"that":[9],"leads":[10],"to":[11,17,37,74,94,151,238],"cognitive":[12,76],"decline.":[13],"This":[14,49],"study":[15,52],"aimed":[16],"compare":[18],"serum":[19,96,212],"Brain-Derived":[20],"Neurotrophic":[21],"Factor":[22,27],"(BDNF)":[23],"and":[24,33,36,42,58,67,78,98,103,109,117,135,161,170,180,185,205,214,221,247],"Nerve":[25],"Growth":[26],"(NGF)":[28],"levels":[29],"between":[30,200],"AD":[31,79,123,153],"patients":[32,57,124],"normal":[34,60],"controls":[35,126],"evaluate":[38],"correlation":[39],"with":[40,158,167,188,198,218],"cognition":[41,220],"the":[43,46],"severity":[44,80,199,223],"of":[45,112,178,191,224],"disease.":[47],"Methods:":[48],"cross-sectional":[50],"analytical":[51],"included":[53],"145":[54],"participants":[55],"(105":[56],"40":[59],"controls).":[61],"The":[62,175],"Mini-Mental":[63],"State":[64],"Examination":[65],"(MMSE)":[66],"Montreal":[68],"Cognitive":[69],"Assessment":[70],"(MoCA)":[71],"were":[72,101,119,216],"used":[73,93],"measure":[75,95],"function,":[77],"was":[81,92,194],"graded":[82],"as":[83,229],"mild,":[84],"moderate,":[85],"or":[86],"severe.":[87],"Enzyme-linked":[88],"immunosorbent":[89],"assay":[90],"(ELISA)":[91],"BDNF":[97,116,156,179,213],"NGF,":[99,204],"which":[100],"correlated":[102,157,166,217],"tested":[104],"for":[105,243],"their":[106,227,240],"diagnostic":[107],"performance":[108,177],"associated":[110],"factors":[111],"severity.":[113],"Results:":[114],"Serum":[115],"NGF":[118,165,181,215],"significantly":[120],"lower":[121],"in":[122],"than":[125],"(11.24":[127],"\u00b1":[128,132,137,141],"3.42":[129],"vs":[130,139],"17.86":[131],"4.11":[133],"ng/mL":[134],"38.7":[136],"11.5":[138],"56.9":[140],"13.2":[142],"pg/mL,":[143],"respectively;":[144],"both":[145],"p<0.001).":[146,155],"Both":[147],"decreased":[148],"from":[149],"mild":[150],"severe":[152],"(trend":[154],"MMSE":[159,168],"(r=0.58)":[160],"MoCA":[162,171],"(r=0.61),":[163],"while":[164],"(r=0.46)":[169],"(r=0.49);":[172],"all":[173],"p<0.001.":[174],"joint":[176],"showed":[182],"86.7%":[183],"sensitivity":[184],"82.5%":[186],"specificity,":[187],"an":[189],"AUC":[190],"0.90.":[192],"There":[193],"positive":[196],"association":[197],"low":[201,203],"BDNF,":[202],"duration":[207],">5":[208],"years.":[209],"Conclusion:":[210],"Lower":[211],"worse":[219],"higher":[222],"AD,":[225],"indicating":[226],"potential":[228],"adjunctive":[230],"biomarkers.":[231],"Further":[232],"multicenter":[233],"studies":[234],"should":[235],"be":[236],"conducted":[237],"confirm":[239],"future":[241],"use":[242],"monitoring":[244],"progression":[246],"treatment":[248],"response":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}