{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224095481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","title":"Factors Associated with Active Trachoma in Alto Amazonas, Peru","display_name":"Factors Associated with Active Trachoma in Alto Amazonas, Peru","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224095481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42948935","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13718684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88738190","display_name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology","issn_l":"0928-6586","issn":["0928-6586","1744-5086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033574629","display_name":"John M. Nesemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-6498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-6498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197097402","display_name":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","ror":"https://ror.org/03yczjf25","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}],"countries":["PE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Nesemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","University of California San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005002290","display_name":"Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-7022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-7022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159360068","display_name":"University of Piura","ror":"https://ror.org/010xy3m51","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159360068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197097402","display_name":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","ror":"https://ror.org/03yczjf25","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piura Medical School","Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piura Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159360068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011627021","display_name":"Alvaro Quincho-Lopez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192513696","display_name":"National University of San Marcos","ror":"https://ror.org/006vs7897","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192513696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197097402","display_name":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","ror":"https://ror.org/03yczjf25","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Quincho-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos","Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192513696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050843283","display_name":"Dionna M. Wittberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-5993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-5993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dionna M. Wittberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002192303","display_name":"Harvy Alberto Honorio-Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-9971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-9971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110275","display_name":"Ministerio de Salud","ror":"https://ror.org/024h8p458","country_code":"AR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110275"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harvy A. Honorio-Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministerio de Salud"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministerio de Salud","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064776358","display_name":"Salom\u00f3n Durand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salom\u00f3n Durand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gerencia Regional de Salud Loreto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gerencia Regional de Salud Loreto","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088483535","display_name":"Martha Idal\u00ed Saboy\u00e1-D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-9618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-9618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089393","display_name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas","ror":"https://ror.org/008kev776","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089393","https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martha Idal\u00ed Saboy\u00e1-D\u00edaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pan American Health Organization"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-9618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pan American Health Organization","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065537776","display_name":"Ana Bakhtiari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-7115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-7115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128914","display_name":"The Task Force for Global Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03747hz63","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128914"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Bakhtiari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Task Force for Global Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Task Force for Global Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061266648","display_name":"Cristina Jimenez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-9240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-9240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103552","display_name":"Sightsavers","ror":"https://ror.org/014wxtx83","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103552"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sightsavers"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sightsavers","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024387811","display_name":"Emma Michele Harding-Esch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1432-8109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1432-8109"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma M. Harding-Esch","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000343161","display_name":"Sandra Liliana Talero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-2017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-2017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089393","display_name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas","ror":"https://ror.org/008kev776","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089393","https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra L. Talero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pan American Health Organization"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pan American Health Organization","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058136091","display_name":"Marleny Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marleny Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Red de Salud Alto Amazonas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Red de Salud Alto Amazonas","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073636405","display_name":"Anthony W. Solomon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-6649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-6649"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony W. Solomon","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Health Organization"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Health Organization","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091442849","display_name":"Jeffrey David Klausner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-7364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-7364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey D. Klausner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075952432","display_name":"Jeremy David Keenan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-1457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-1457"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy D. Keenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011569335","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s G. Lescano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-633X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-633X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197097402","display_name":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","ror":"https://ror.org/03yczjf25","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres G. Lescano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075952432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88605311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.1818999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.03400000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-trachoma","display_name":"active trachoma","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-crowding","display_name":"household crowding","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siblings","display_name":"siblings","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-water","display_name":"water access","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanitation","display_name":"sanitation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hygiene","display_name":"hygiene","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latrines","display_name":"latrines","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poultry","display_name":"poultry","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-index","display_name":"wealth index","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alto-amazonas","display_name":"Alto Amazonas","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peruvian-amazon","display_name":"Peruvian Amazon","score":0.7559999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193216","display_name":"Trachoma","level":2,"score":0.994700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197743484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5615741","display_name":"Latrine","level":3,"score":0.8324999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.6765999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780965534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3097999","display_name":"Pit latrine","level":4,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019041143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Active tuberculosis","level":4,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778357586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7857","display_name":"Toilet","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88738190","display_name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology","issn_l":"0928-6586","issn":["0928-6586","1744-5086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13718684","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13718684/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13718684/pdf/nihms-2197339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42948935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42948935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09286586.2026.2702461?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88738190","display_name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology","issn_l":"0928-6586","issn":["0928-6586","1744-5086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000857395","display_name":"Integrating smartphone photography for trachoma, smartphone visual acuity assessment, and mobile autorefraction to enhance community-based public health monitoring","funder_award_id":"R33EY033690","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000870156","display_name":"University of California Launching Future Leaders in Global Health Research Training Program","funder_award_id":"D43TW009343","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306811","display_name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","ror":"https://ror.org/04drjs621"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306976","display_name":"International Trachoma Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/045jt2189"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307856","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310334","display_name":"RTI International","ror":"https://ror.org/052tfza37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333249","display_name":"Pan American Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/008kev776"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224095481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224095481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493656672","https://openalex.org/W1972601065","https://openalex.org/W1979495666","https://openalex.org/W2012285104","https://openalex.org/W2016324996","https://openalex.org/W2035661283","https://openalex.org/W2061512189","https://openalex.org/W2144867497","https://openalex.org/W2152137208","https://openalex.org/W2162391545","https://openalex.org/W2761604622","https://openalex.org/W3028218322","https://openalex.org/W3090423915","https://openalex.org/W3126772278","https://openalex.org/W4200253327","https://openalex.org/W4223604245","https://openalex.org/W4281564303","https://openalex.org/W4287510575","https://openalex.org/W4320484339","https://openalex.org/W4389611260","https://openalex.org/W4414368911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125590960","https://openalex.org/W2089798353","https://openalex.org/W2105253227","https://openalex.org/W2164223887","https://openalex.org/W2923826037","https://openalex.org/W3209109510","https://openalex.org/W4413229090","https://openalex.org/W3147773681","https://openalex.org/W3096702509","https://openalex.org/W4287510575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Factors":[1,111],"associated":[2,49,113,174,203],"with":[3,50,104,114,119,151,156,175,204],"trachoma":[4,30,52,92,116,172,206,236],"have":[5],"been":[6],"well":[7],"characterized":[8],"in":[9,34,55,69,82,207,237],"Sub-Saharan":[10],"Africa,":[11],"including":[12],"poverty,":[13],"crowding,":[14],"and":[15,21,29,64,162,189,220,222],"poor":[16,215],"access":[17,157,216],"to":[18,43,154,158,212,217,230],"water,":[19,218],"sanitation,":[20,219],"hygiene.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,45,59,95,241],"relationship":[25],"between":[26],"these":[27],"factors":[28,48,202,227],"may":[31],"be":[32],"different":[33],"non-African":[35],"settings.":[36],"The":[37,199],"aim":[38],"of":[39,58,74,97,142,165,224,232,235,240],"this":[40,208],"study":[41,209],"was":[42,173],"determine":[44],"most":[46,112,200],"important":[47,201],"active":[51,98,109,115,205],"among":[53],"children":[54,75,103],"an":[56,131,159,190],"area":[57],"Peruvian":[60],"Amazon.":[61],"METHODS:":[62],"Questionnaires":[63],"conjunctival":[65],"photography":[66],"were":[67,88,210],"performed":[68],"a":[70,120,143,179],"cross-sectional":[71],"random":[72],"sample":[73],"aged":[76],"1-9":[77],"years":[78],"from":[79],"21":[80],"communities":[81],"Alto":[83],"Amazonas,":[84],"Peru.":[85],"Conjunctival":[86],"photographs":[87],"graded":[89],"by":[90],"three":[91],"experts":[93],"for":[94,135],"presence":[96],"trachoma.":[99,110],"RESULTS:":[100],"Of":[101],"750":[102],"complete":[105],"data,":[106],"229":[107],"had":[108],"included":[117],"living":[118],"pre-school-aged":[121],"sibling":[122],"(adjusted":[123],"prevalence":[124],"ratio":[125],"[PR]":[126],"1.61,":[127],"95%CI":[128,139,147,169,187,196],"1.23-2.11),":[129],"having":[130],"unimproved":[132],"water":[133],"source":[134],"face-washing":[136],"(PR":[137,145,167,182,194],"1.87,":[138],"1.23-2.84),":[140],"absence":[141],"latrine":[144,153],"1.68,":[146],"1.04-2.70,":[148],"comparing":[149],"those":[150,155,231],"no":[152],"improved":[160],"latrine),":[161],"household":[163],"ownership":[164],"chickens":[166],"1.58,":[168],"1.13-2.21).":[170],"Active":[171],"lower":[176],"scores":[177],"on":[178],"hygiene":[180],"index":[181,193],"1.18":[183],"per":[184],"unit":[185],"decrement,":[186],"1.04-1.33)":[188],"asset-based":[191],"wealth":[192],"1.14,":[195],"1.02-1.28).":[197],"CONCLUSIONS:":[198],"exposure":[211],"young":[213],"children,":[214],"hygiene,":[221],"indicators":[223],"poverty.":[225],"These":[226],"are":[228],"similar":[229],"previous":[233],"studies":[234],"other":[238],"parts":[239],"world.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
