{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224092829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","title":"Advanced Thermal Integration of Haber\u2013Bosch Waste Heat for Competitive Hydrogen Production Using SOE and Hybrid AWE\u2013SOE Systems","display_name":"Advanced Thermal Integration of Haber\u2013Bosch Waste Heat for Competitive Hydrogen Production Using SOE and Hybrid AWE\u2013SOE Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224092829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/hydrogen7040168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183513","display_name":"Hydrogen","issn_l":"2673-4141","issn":["2673-4141"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrogen","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107511550","display_name":"Abir Dahani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155111","display_name":"National School of Mineral Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/04a41pr43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155111"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abir Dahani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, Higher National School of Mines-Rabat (ENSMR), Rabat 10000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, Higher National School of Mines-Rabat (ENSMR), Rabat 10000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000715417","display_name":"Chouaib Benqlilou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-6891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-6891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155111","display_name":"National School of Mineral Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/04a41pr43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155111"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chouaib Benqlilou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, Higher National School of Mines-Rabat (ENSMR), Rabat 10000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, Higher National School of Mines-Rabat (ENSMR), Rabat 10000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120524639","display_name":"Zakaria Chalhe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4715-9100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4715-9100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155111","display_name":"National School of Mineral Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/04a41pr43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155111"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakaria Chalhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, Higher National School of Mines-Rabat (ENSMR), Rabat 10000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4715-9100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling, Higher National School of Mines-Rabat (ENSMR), Rabat 10000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053536430","display_name":"Markus Holz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-4905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-4905"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089758","display_name":"Anhalt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0076zct58","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Holz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg (Saale), Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg (Saale), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135242722","display_name":"Cornelia Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-8415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-8415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089758","display_name":"Anhalt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0076zct58","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornelia Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg (Saale), Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg (Saale), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107511550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155111"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74944527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"168","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11802","display_name":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-oxide-electrolysis","display_name":"solid oxide electrolysis","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-water-electrolysis","display_name":"alkaline water electrolysis","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-integration","display_name":"heat integration","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger-networks","display_name":"heat exchanger networks","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steam-generation","display_name":"steam generation","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levelized-cost-of-hydrogen","display_name":"levelized cost of hydrogen","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-ammonia","display_name":"green ammonia","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-waste-heat-utilization","display_name":"industrial waste heat utilization","score":0.5149999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929999","display_name":"Hydrogen production","level":3,"score":0.744700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.6571000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6377000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114506045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408813","display_name":"High-temperature electrolysis","level":5,"score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54725748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247277","display_name":"Process integration","level":2,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105994980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081379","display_name":"Waste heat recovery unit","level":3,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752235","display_name":"Pinch analysis","level":3,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91311341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764892","display_name":"Evaporator","level":3,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127145964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142051","display_name":"Heat recovery ventilation","level":3,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17168322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2401284","display_name":"High-pressure electrolysis","level":5,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141675481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3588981","display_name":"Energy recovery","level":3,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100729193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105319","display_name":"Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis","level":5,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43535742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556466","display_name":"Steam reforming","level":4,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70635819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358064","display_name":"Electrolytic process","level":5,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158007255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055222","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780013297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596153","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568469","display_name":"Energy carrier","level":3,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899633","display_name":"Solid oxide fuel cell","level":4,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50406533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104","display_name":"Thermal efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71392577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002538","display_name":"Alkaline water electrolysis","level":5,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/hydrogen7040168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183513","display_name":"Hydrogen","issn_l":"2673-4141","issn":["2673-4141"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrogen","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/hydrogen7040168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183513","display_name":"Hydrogen","issn_l":"2673-4141","issn":["2673-4141"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrogen","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162489224","https://openalex.org/W1973406932","https://openalex.org/W1993889072","https://openalex.org/W2010885682","https://openalex.org/W2014620976","https://openalex.org/W2040825792","https://openalex.org/W2093986261","https://openalex.org/W2269973671","https://openalex.org/W2487628730","https://openalex.org/W2518680800","https://openalex.org/W2555639063","https://openalex.org/W2753273584","https://openalex.org/W2757834706","https://openalex.org/W2792451232","https://openalex.org/W2803686116","https://openalex.org/W2883081408","https://openalex.org/W2894787734","https://openalex.org/W2897713479","https://openalex.org/W2938496123","https://openalex.org/W2967995836","https://openalex.org/W3017664105","https://openalex.org/W3049712228","https://openalex.org/W3106884601","https://openalex.org/W3120329667","https://openalex.org/W3216976010","https://openalex.org/W4240045938","https://openalex.org/W4293317077","https://openalex.org/W4306963289","https://openalex.org/W4309814648","https://openalex.org/W4312082330","https://openalex.org/W4313529613","https://openalex.org/W4317773666","https://openalex.org/W4328023298","https://openalex.org/W4377157503","https://openalex.org/W4379196978","https://openalex.org/W4383738684","https://openalex.org/W4385973461","https://openalex.org/W4387842963","https://openalex.org/W4388528952","https://openalex.org/W4391887381","https://openalex.org/W4396633898","https://openalex.org/W4396796429","https://openalex.org/W4396954693","https://openalex.org/W4400033632","https://openalex.org/W4401283350","https://openalex.org/W4402743950","https://openalex.org/W4403362273","https://openalex.org/W4404693171","https://openalex.org/W4404745437","https://openalex.org/W4405589369","https://openalex.org/W4405677787","https://openalex.org/W4408348088","https://openalex.org/W4409283989","https://openalex.org/W4409422966","https://openalex.org/W4409752312","https://openalex.org/W4409965986","https://openalex.org/W4411079221","https://openalex.org/W4411538864","https://openalex.org/W4411924039","https://openalex.org/W4412529084","https://openalex.org/W4412884731","https://openalex.org/W4412902749","https://openalex.org/W4413274988","https://openalex.org/W4413291266","https://openalex.org/W4413375799","https://openalex.org/W4415536006","https://openalex.org/W4415626470","https://openalex.org/W7081936673","https://openalex.org/W7116942832","https://openalex.org/W7131364843","https://openalex.org/W7140306351","https://openalex.org/W7156377004","https://openalex.org/W7161130852","https://openalex.org/W7213985937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409422966","https://openalex.org/W3205322176","https://openalex.org/W4408348088","https://openalex.org/W4311088616","https://openalex.org/W7162501980","https://openalex.org/W4396954693","https://openalex.org/W7165379602","https://openalex.org/W3119189394","https://openalex.org/W4405677787","https://openalex.org/W4382751928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,20,44,69,76,99,118,127,218,245,260],"integration":[4,104],"of":[5,22,68,75,98,126,158,200,210,252],"Haber\u2013Bosch":[6],"waste-heat":[7],"recovery":[8,51],"with":[9,146,171,238,259],"solid":[10],"oxide":[11],"electrolysis":[12,176],"(SOE)":[13],"and":[14,27,40,52,152,161,169,197,213,223,264,271],"evaluates":[15],"its":[16,54,266],"techno-economic":[17],"implications":[18],"through":[19],"comparison":[21],"stand-alone":[23,28,143,219,224],"SOE,":[24,220],"hybrid":[25,155,221,246],"SOE\u2013AWE,":[26,222],"AWE":[29,225,262],"hydrogen":[30,100,128,132],"production":[31,133],"configurations.":[32],"The":[33,61,130,179,204],"HB":[34,63],"synthesis":[35],"loop":[36],"was":[37],"first":[38],"simulated":[39],"analyzed":[41],"to":[42,88,92,96,115,121,124,192,248],"quantify":[43],"residual":[45],"heat":[46,50,64,103],"available":[47],"after":[48],"internal":[49,148],"assess":[53],"thermal":[55],"suitability":[56],"for":[57,217,275],"SOE":[58,70,91,119,144,160,234],"steam":[59,149],"generation.":[60],"recoverable":[62],"initially":[65],"covers":[66],"55%":[67],"evaporator":[71],"duty.":[72],"Further":[73],"optimization":[74],"SOE-side":[77],"heat-exchanger":[78],"network":[79],"using":[80,107],"Aspen":[81,108],"Energy":[82,109],"Analyzer":[83,110],"V14":[84],"increases":[85],"this":[86,113],"coverage":[87,114],"63%,":[89,116],"enabling":[90,117],"thermally":[93],"support":[94],"up":[95,123],"63%":[97,125,159],"demand.":[101,129],"Additional":[102],"opportunities":[105],"identified":[106],"(AEA)":[111],"increase":[112],"system":[120,145],"supply":[122],"remaining":[131],"requirement":[134],"is":[135],"investigated":[136],"under":[137],"two":[138],"distinct":[139],"configurations:":[140],"(i)":[141],"a":[142,154,172],"an":[147,250,269],"generation":[150],"unit":[151],"(ii)":[153],"configuration":[156,247,263],"consisting":[157],"37%":[162],"AWE.":[163],"These":[164],"SOE-based":[165,184],"configurations":[166],"are":[167],"evaluated":[168],"compared":[170],"conventional":[173],"alkaline":[174],"water":[175],"(AWE)":[177],"system.":[178],"energy":[180,189],"analysis":[181,229],"demonstrates":[182],"that":[183,231],"systems":[185],"significantly":[186],"reduce":[187],"overall":[188],"consumption":[190],"due":[191],"their":[193],"higher":[194],"electrochemical":[195],"efficiency":[196],"effective":[198],"utilization":[199],"industrial":[201],"waste":[202],"heat.":[203],"economic":[205],"assessment":[206],"yields":[207],"LCOH":[208,251],"values":[209],"3.90,":[211],"3.44,":[212],"2.79":[214,253],"$/kg":[215,254],"H2":[216],"configurations,":[226],"respectively.":[227],"Sensitivity":[228],"indicates":[230],"reductions":[232],"in":[233,240],"stack":[235,241],"cost":[236,257],"combined":[237],"improvements":[239],"lifetime":[242],"can":[243],"enable":[244],"achieve":[249],"H2,":[255],"reaching":[256],"parity":[258],"baseline":[261],"demonstrating":[265],"potential":[267],"as":[268],"energy-efficient":[270],"economically":[272],"competitive":[273],"pathway":[274],"green":[276],"ammonia":[277],"production.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}