{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224089335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2","title":"High-Frequency Pulse-Assisted Micro-Jet Electrochemical Deposition of Copper for High-Performance Interconnect Structures: Grain Refinement, Enhanced Mechanical Strength, and Corrosion Resistance","display_name":"High-Frequency Pulse-Assisted Micro-Jet Electrochemical Deposition of Copper for High-Performance Interconnect Structures: Grain Refinement, Enhanced Mechanical Strength, and Corrosion Resistance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224089335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122089940","display_name":"Jiahui Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0662-5417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0662-5417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0662-5417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031756288","display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-4200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-4200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-4200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121046579","display_name":"Pengfei Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9563-5334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9563-5334","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0029-3057"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9563-5334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109959104","display_name":"Kan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-2046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-2046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-2046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048579654","display_name":"Huanghai Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-2878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-2878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanghai Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-2878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160014368","display_name":"Chenxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8502-5550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8502-5550"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8502-5550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031756288","https://openalex.org/A5160014368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74859912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11200","display_name":"Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11200","display_name":"Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-electrodeposition","display_name":"copper electrodeposition","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-pillars","display_name":"copper pillars","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-additive-manufacturing","display_name":"metal additive manufacturing","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-strength","display_name":"mechanical strength","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardness","display_name":"hardness","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion-resistance","display_name":"corrosion resistance","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-method","display_name":"Taguchi method","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field-distribution","display_name":"electric field distribution","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-density","display_name":"current density","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8683000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.7235999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.6596999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49326732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549892","display_name":"Nanoindentation","level":2,"score":0.6075999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171635847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406983","display_name":"Micrometer","level":2,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27805521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326017","display_name":"Electron backscatter diffraction","level":3,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77066764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178674","display_name":"Nanometre","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202314","display_name":"Plating (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29216876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1769505","display_name":"Copper plating","level":4,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98390173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1492573","display_name":"Grain growth","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7794659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726605","display_name":"Powder metallurgy","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776620479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159241","display_name":"Direct current","level":3,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51807945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503392","display_name":"Electroplating","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aebac2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007846412","https://openalex.org/W2387177895","https://openalex.org/W2946657918","https://openalex.org/W3049211593","https://openalex.org/W1980663193","https://openalex.org/W2347570126","https://openalex.org/W3013245097","https://openalex.org/W2045845411","https://openalex.org/W3145189904","https://openalex.org/W2041254019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Micro-jet":[1],"electrochemical":[2,87],"deposition,":[3],"with":[4,116],"concentrated":[5],"current,":[6],"fast":[7],"deposition":[8],"and":[9,30,55,73,80,86,91,153,171,183],"flexible":[10],"fabrication,":[11],"is":[12,41,184],"widely":[13],"used":[14],"in":[15],"metal":[16,188],"additive":[17],"manufacturing.":[18],"However,":[19],"its":[20,136],"direct-current":[21],"mode":[22],"suffers":[23],"from":[24,111],"low":[25],"efficiency,":[26],"poor":[27],"surface":[28,95],"quality":[29],"inferior":[31],"material":[32],"performance.":[33],"To":[34],"overcome":[35],"these":[36],"limitations,":[37],"high-frequency":[38],"pulse":[39,69,79,175],"power":[40],"adopted":[42],"for":[43,150,186],"copper":[44,52,98,124],"electrodeposition.":[45],"First,":[46],"current":[47,156],"density,":[48],"electric":[49],"field":[50],"distribution,":[51],"pillar":[53,99,125],"growth":[54],"grain":[56,76,181],"evolution":[57],"are":[58,109],"simulated":[59],"under":[60,102],"various":[61],"electrical":[62],"parameters.":[63,70],"Second,":[64],"Taguchi":[65],"experiments":[66],"identify":[67],"optimal":[68,103],"Third,":[71],"XRD":[72],"EBSD":[74],"characterize":[75],"structures":[77],"of":[78,97,129,144,158],"DC-deposited":[81,137],"specimens":[82],"comparatively.":[83],"Finally,":[84],"nanoindentation":[85],"tests":[88],"evaluate":[89],"mechanical":[90,169],"anti-corrosion":[92],"performances.":[93],"The":[94,121,164],"roughness":[96],"samples":[100],"printed":[101],"parameters":[104],"can":[105],"reach":[106],"69nm.":[107],"Grains":[108],"refined":[110],"micrometer":[112],"to":[113],"nanometer":[114],"scale":[115],"0.203":[117],"nm":[118],"atomic":[119],"spacing.":[120],"optimized":[122],"high-frequency-pulse":[123],"achieves":[126],"a":[127,141,154],"hardness":[128],"4757.2":[130],"MPa,":[131],"1109.7":[132],"MPa":[133],"higher":[134],"than":[135],"counterpart.":[138],"It":[139],"has":[140],"self-corrosion":[142],"potential":[143],"\u22120.3021":[145],"V":[146,149],"(vs.":[147,161],"\u22120.4187":[148],"DC":[151],"sample)":[152],"corrosion":[155,172],"density":[157],"\u22121.545":[159],"A/cm\u00b2":[160],"\u22120.8761":[162],"A/cm\u00b2).":[163],"results":[165],"show":[166],"markedly":[167],"improved":[168],"properties":[170],"resistance.":[173],"High-frequency":[174],"micro-jet":[176],"electrodeposition":[177],"improves":[178],"performances":[179],"via":[180],"refinement":[182],"promising":[185],"electrodeposited":[187],"structure":[189],"fabrication.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
