{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224085041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","title":"Sinonasal Anatomic Variations Across Vertical Skeletal Patterns in Skeletal Class I Adults: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study","display_name":"Sinonasal Anatomic Variations Across Vertical Skeletal Patterns in Skeletal Class I Adults: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224085041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054040814","display_name":"Samet \u00d6zden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9733-9777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9733-9777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samet \u00d6zden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9733-9777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017775679","display_name":"Beril Erdil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9182-7655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9182-7655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beril Erdil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107675921","display_name":"Elif Sobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8542-0496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8542-0496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elif Sobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8542-0496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003258042","display_name":"Numan Dedeo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-3654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-3654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Numan Dedeo\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya 44280, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054040814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88795921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"3534","last_page":"3534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11812","display_name":"Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies","score":0.6011000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11812","display_name":"Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies","score":0.6011000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.33980000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.03929999843239784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-skeletal-pattern","display_name":"vertical skeletal pattern","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-class-i-malocclusion","display_name":"skeletal Class I malocclusion","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxillary-sinus","display_name":"maxillary sinus","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-cavity","display_name":"nasal cavity","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-septal-deviation","display_name":"septal deviation","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/septal-spur","display_name":"septal spur","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paradoxical-middle-turbinate","display_name":"paradoxical middle turbinate","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776407911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7525187","display_name":"Sinus (botany)","level":3,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777917003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500634","display_name":"Nasal septum","level":3,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778801703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156104","display_name":"Nasal cavity","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985771010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomographic","level":3,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777955602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281473","display_name":"Paranasal sinuses","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777081826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2418904","display_name":"Cephalometry","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W901573353","https://openalex.org/W1923050121","https://openalex.org/W1954182805","https://openalex.org/W1968388114","https://openalex.org/W1984588017","https://openalex.org/W1997090085","https://openalex.org/W2029521524","https://openalex.org/W2064334570","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2104337126","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2111981434","https://openalex.org/W2116810060","https://openalex.org/W2604826102","https://openalex.org/W2734452324","https://openalex.org/W2809207066","https://openalex.org/W2888787198","https://openalex.org/W2901635074","https://openalex.org/W2912871401","https://openalex.org/W2934745229","https://openalex.org/W2943327156","https://openalex.org/W3047431069","https://openalex.org/W3127300773","https://openalex.org/W3131601958","https://openalex.org/W3161398324","https://openalex.org/W3164231212","https://openalex.org/W4214931726","https://openalex.org/W4283645732","https://openalex.org/W4295439998","https://openalex.org/W4309998754","https://openalex.org/W4317745948","https://openalex.org/W4367302534","https://openalex.org/W4386779942","https://openalex.org/W4387190339","https://openalex.org/W4387661333","https://openalex.org/W4392951002","https://openalex.org/W4400354412","https://openalex.org/W4404366482","https://openalex.org/W4405131688","https://openalex.org/W4411873124","https://openalex.org/W4412461274","https://openalex.org/W4412696649","https://openalex.org/W4414654904","https://openalex.org/W4415148782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6925898532","https://openalex.org/W4401889525","https://openalex.org/W4414654904","https://openalex.org/W7220582679","https://openalex.org/W4309998754","https://openalex.org/W4410969790","https://openalex.org/W3166918709","https://openalex.org/W2968180186","https://openalex.org/W2144784075","https://openalex.org/W7214089897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Vertical":[1],"skeletal":[2,37,51,63,195,205],"morphology":[3],"may":[4],"influence":[5],"maxillofacial":[6],"dimensions,":[7],"but":[8,160],"its":[9],"relationship":[10,54],"with":[11,32,49,88,117],"discrete":[12],"sinonasal":[13,198],"anatomic":[14],"variations":[15,29,200],"remains":[16],"uncertain.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"compared":[20],"the":[21,161,223],"prevalence":[22],"of":[23,204],"paranasal":[24],"sinus":[25],"and":[26,35,57,71,96,132,197],"nasal":[27,126],"cavity":[28],"among":[30,142],"adults":[31,48],"hypodivergent,":[33,68],"hyperdivergent,":[34,70],"normodivergent":[36],"patterns.":[38],"Methods:":[39],"Faculty":[40],"archives":[41],"spanning":[42],"2016\u20132025":[43],"were":[44,55,80,99,106,191],"screened.":[45],"Eighty-seven":[46],"untreated":[47],"a":[50,83,149],"Class":[52,206],"I":[53,207],"included":[56],"categorized":[58],"according":[59],"to":[60],"their":[61],"vertical":[62,194],"pattern":[64,196],"as":[65],"follows:":[66],"27":[67],"26":[69],"34":[72],"normodivergent.":[73],"All":[74],"cone-beam":[75],"computed":[76],"tomography":[77],"(CBCT)":[78],"examinations":[79],"acquired":[81],"using":[82],"single":[84],"NewTom":[85],"5G":[86],"unit":[87],"0.25":[89],"mm":[90],"isotropic":[91],"voxels.":[92],"Nasal":[93],"septal":[94,97,127,133],"deviation":[95,128],"spur":[98,134],"evaluated":[100,107],"per":[101],"participant;":[102],"22":[103],"additional":[104],"variants":[105],"bilaterally.":[108],"Side-level":[109],"comparisons":[110],"used":[111],"binary":[112],"logistic":[113],"generalized":[114],"estimating":[115],"equations":[116],"Benjamini\u2013Hochberg":[118],"false-discovery-rate":[119],"correction.":[120],"Results:":[121],"Age":[122],"(p":[123,129,135],"=":[124,130,136,155,158,173],"0.5072),":[125],"0.2247),":[131],"0.9294)":[137],"did":[138],"not":[139],"differ":[140],"significantly":[141],"groups.":[143],"The":[144,219],"paradoxical":[145,224],"middle":[146,225],"turbinate":[147,226],"showed":[148],"nominal":[150,220],"group":[151,179],"effect":[152],"(Wald":[153],"\u03c72":[154],"6.199,":[156],"p":[157],"0.0451),":[159],"association":[162],"was":[163,184],"no":[164],"longer":[165],"significant":[166,189],"after":[167],"false":[168],"discovery":[169],"rate":[170],"correction":[171],"(q":[172],"0.4642).":[174],"No":[175,187],"other":[176],"estimable":[177],"side-level":[178],"or":[180],"within-group":[181],"right\u2013left":[182],"comparison":[183],"significant.":[185],"Conclusions:":[186],"statistically":[188],"associations":[190,211],"detected":[192],"between":[193],"anatomical":[199],"in":[201,229],"this":[202],"sample":[203],"adults.":[208],"However,":[209],"small-to-moderate":[210],"cannot":[212],"be":[213],"excluded,":[214],"particularly":[215],"for":[216,222],"rare":[217],"variants.":[218],"finding":[221],"requires":[227],"confirmation":[228],"larger,":[230],"prospectively":[231],"defined":[232],"cohorts.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}