{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224084792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","title":"Unified Maxwell equations derived from spacetime geometry","display_name":"Unified Maxwell equations derived from spacetime geometry","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224084792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160060426","display_name":"Baoxia Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3751-4519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3751-4519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Su, Baoxia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3751-4519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160060426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79035245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13080","display_name":"Advanced Differential Geometry Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxwell-s-equations","display_name":"Maxwell's equations","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacetime-geometry","display_name":"spacetime geometry","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-theory","display_name":"electromagnetic theory","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-equation","display_name":"wave equation","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-wave-propagation","display_name":"electromagnetic wave propagation","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-field-theory","display_name":"unified field theory","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorentz-invariance","display_name":"Lorentz invariance","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-stress-energy-tensor","display_name":"electromagnetic stress-energy tensor","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.6338000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59282198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51501","display_name":"Maxwell's equations","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130327152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748349","display_name":"Mathematical structure","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23734438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23734438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164644506","https://openalex.org/W7123289759","https://openalex.org/W7124871733","https://openalex.org/W6968563542","https://openalex.org/W7126153089","https://openalex.org/W6885087542","https://openalex.org/W2055034165","https://openalex.org/W6893447510","https://openalex.org/W1988211698","https://openalex.org/W2035061019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,300],"document":[1],"is":[2,280,303],"an":[3],"updated":[4,58,301],"and":[5,24,99,108,184,191,236],"extended":[6,109,208],"working":[7],"paper":[8,197],"based":[9],"on":[10,111,323],"the":[11,78,94,100,112,195,233,267,307],"original":[12,196,260,278],"article":[13,47,247,262,279],"published":[14,261],"in":[15,153,203,222,232],"Scientific":[16,41],"Reports":[17],"(Nature":[18],"Portfolio).":[19],"Note":[20],"that":[21],"all":[22],"derivations":[23],"main":[25,74],"conclusions":[26],"remain":[27],"unchanged.":[28],"Original":[29],"Article":[30],"Citation:":[31],"Baoxia":[32],"Su,":[33],"\"Extended":[34],"Maxwell":[35],"equations":[36,181],"derived":[37],"from":[38,194],"spacetime":[39],"geometry\",":[40],"Reports,":[42],"vol.":[43],"16,":[44],"no.":[45,48],"1,":[46],"27682,":[49],"2026,":[50],"DOI:":[51],"10.1038/s41598-026-57062-8.":[52],"(Note:":[53],"The":[54,73,145,214,230,246,259,277],"title":[55,248],"of":[56,71,80,206,318],"this":[57,163,207,294,319],"version":[59,209,274,302,317],"has":[60,150,217,239,249,263],"been":[61,90,118,151,201,218,240,250,264],"revised":[62,251],"to":[63,77,92,189,225,252,266,271],"avoid":[64,253],"overlap":[65,254],"with":[66,255,293],"existing":[67,256],"literature.)":[68],"Detailed":[69],"List":[70],"Revisions:":[72],"revisions":[75],"compared":[76],"Version":[79],"Record":[81],"(VoR)":[82],"are":[83,187,297],"listed":[84],"below:":[85],"1.":[86],"Two":[87,180],"diagrams":[88],"have":[89,117,200],"added":[91,119,202,265],"visualize":[93],"defined":[95],"sets":[96],"(Sec.":[97,103,120],"2.4)":[98],"inference":[101],"structure":[102],"4.4).":[104],"2.":[105],"A":[106],"table":[107],"discussions":[110],"unified":[113],"charge":[114,129],"system":[115],"(UCS)":[116],"4.5).":[121],"3.":[122],"Terminology":[123],"updates:":[124],"\"quasi-charge":[125],"conditions\"":[126],"->":[127,133,141],"\"standard":[128],"conditions\",":[130],"\"inverse":[131],"operation\"":[132],"\"paired":[134],"operation\".":[135],"Misused":[136],"term":[137],"correction:":[138],"\"Helmholtz":[139],"equation\"":[140],"\"wave":[142],"equation\".":[143],"4.":[144],"last":[146],"property":[147,164],"regarding":[148],"groups":[149],"removed":[152],"Sec.":[154,204],"2.2.3,":[155],"because":[156],"a":[157,283],"required":[158],"condition":[159],"was":[160,165,321],"missing.":[161],"Since":[162],"originally":[166],"intended":[167],"for":[168,198,210,242],"future":[169,227],"extensions,":[170],"its":[171],"removal":[172],"does":[173],"not":[174],"affect":[175],"any":[176],"subsequent":[177],"content.":[178],"5.":[179],"(Eqs.":[182],"(3)":[183],"(7)),":[185],"which":[186],"straightforward":[188],"derive":[190],"were":[192],"omitted":[193],"brevity,":[199],"2.3":[205],"readers\u2019":[211],"convenience.":[212],"6.":[213],"Matrix":[215],"\u0398":[216],"replaced":[219],"by":[220],"\u03a5\u22121":[221],"Eq.":[223],"(2)":[224],"facilitate":[226],"extensions.":[228],"7.":[229],"language":[231],"Abstract,":[234],"Introduction,":[235],"Summary":[237],"sections":[238],"refined":[241],"better":[243],"readability.":[244],"8.":[245],"literature.":[257],"9.":[258],"reference":[268],"list":[269],"[1]":[270],"ensure":[272],"proper":[273],"tracking.":[275],"License:":[276],"licensed":[281],"under":[282,306],"Creative":[284],"Commons":[285],"Attribution":[286],"4.0":[287,310],"International":[288],"License":[289],"(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).":[290],"In":[291],"accordance":[292],"license,":[295],"changes":[296],"indicated":[298],"above.":[299],"also":[304],"distributed":[305],"CC":[308],"BY":[309],"license.":[311],"Related":[312],"Preprint:":[313],"An":[314],"earlier":[315],"preprint":[316],"work":[320],"hosted":[322],"Preprints.org":[324],"(DOI:":[325],"10.20944/preprints202512.2006.v1)":[326]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}