{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224077040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388","title":"ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SERVICE SECTOR IN INDIA AND CHINA (1990-2025): STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION, FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, AND SUB-SECTORAL PERFORMANCE GAPS","display_name":"ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SERVICE SECTOR IN INDIA AND CHINA (1990-2025): STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION, FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, AND SUB-SECTORAL PERFORMANCE GAPS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224077040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21474/ijar01/24388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388","pdf_url":"https://www.journalijar.com/uploads/2026/10/6adf2336ab831_IJAR-59383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206230","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"2320-5407","issn":["2320-5407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.journalijar.com/uploads/2026/10/6adf2336ab831_IJAR-59383.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160036382","display_name":"Sant Lal Nagpal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sant Lal Nagpal","raw_affiliation_strings":["1. Doctorate Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Patna, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1. Doctorate Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160047563","display_name":"Bhavana Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhavana Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["2. Associate Professor & Head, Department of Management , Microtek College of Management & Technology, Varanasi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2. Associate Professor & Head, Department of Management , Microtek College of Management & Technology, Varanasi, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160036382"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86593864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"871","last_page":"880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-sector","display_name":"service sector","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-change","display_name":"structural change","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-productivity","display_name":"factor productivity","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-india-comparison","display_name":"India-China comparison","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tertiary-sector-growth","display_name":"tertiary sector growth","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cobb-douglas-production-function","display_name":"Cobb-Douglas production function","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-divergence","display_name":"economic divergence","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43246008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6942999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5519000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5210999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994873","display_name":"Gross value added","level":2,"score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136376716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55640","display_name":"Primary sector of the economy","level":3,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32235935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350151","display_name":"National accounts","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154193497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3958441","display_name":"Economic sector","level":2,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202353208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1167393","display_name":"Economic indicator","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50880648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17019416","display_name":"Gross output","level":3,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16927522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210947","display_name":"Factors of production","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779716410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444734","display_name":"Sectoral analysis","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169685871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Secondary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988460067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Manufacturing sector","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95986675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185168","display_name":"Quantitative analysis (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840706","display_name":"Added value","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21474/ijar01/24388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388","pdf_url":"https://www.journalijar.com/uploads/2026/10/6adf2336ab831_IJAR-59383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206230","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"2320-5407","issn":["2320-5407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21474/ijar01/24388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/24388","pdf_url":"https://www.journalijar.com/uploads/2026/10/6adf2336ab831_IJAR-59383.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206230","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"2320-5407","issn":["2320-5407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224077040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224077040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379615749","https://openalex.org/W1559580810","https://openalex.org/W2162773296","https://openalex.org/W7139296006","https://openalex.org/W3125063848","https://openalex.org/W2801800895","https://openalex.org/W2357250855","https://openalex.org/W2356687199","https://openalex.org/W1988557926","https://openalex.org/W2858643615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"provides":[2],"comparative":[3],"analysis":[4],"of":[5,14,33,49,57,65],"the":[6,15,111],"economic":[7],"performance,":[8],"structural":[9,115],"transformation,":[10],"and":[11,20,99],"factor":[12],"productivity":[13],"service":[16,43,106],"sectors":[17,32],"in":[18,42,68],"India":[19,38],"China":[21,52],"from":[22],"1990":[23],"to":[24,77,81],"2025.":[25],"In":[26],"1990,":[27],"both":[28,69],"nations":[29],"possessed":[30],"tertiary":[31,74],"virtually":[34],"identical":[35],"output":[36,75],"scale:":[37],"generated":[39,53],"$132.80":[40],"Billion":[41,55],"Gross":[44],"Value":[45],"Added":[46],"(GVA)":[47],"(41.5%":[48],"GDP),":[50],"while":[51],"$114.50":[54],"(31.8%":[56],"GDP).":[58],"By":[59],"2025-26,":[60],"services":[61],"expanded":[62],"over":[63],"54%":[64],"aggregate":[66],"GDP":[67],"economies.":[70],"However,":[71],"Chinas":[72],"total":[73],"surged":[76],"S10.65":[78],"Trillion":[79,89],"compared":[80],"Indias":[82],"S2.17":[83],"Trillion,":[84],"generating":[85],"an":[86],"immense":[87],"$8.48":[88],"scale":[90],"gap.":[91],"Utilizing":[92],"Solow-Jorgenson":[93],"Translog":[94],"KLEMS":[95],"growth":[96],"accounting":[97],"framework":[98],"Cobb-Douglas":[100],"production":[101],"functions":[102],"across":[103],"11":[104],"disaggregated":[105],"sub-sectors,":[107],"this":[108,114],"paper":[109],"investigates":[110],"drivers":[112],"behind":[113],"divergence.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00"}
