{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224016828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","title":"Formulation and mechanistic evaluation of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome ethanolic extract as a natural broad-spectrum photoprotective agent: A preliminary study","display_name":"Formulation and mechanistic evaluation of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome ethanolic extract as a natural broad-spectrum photoprotective agent: A preliminary study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224016828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738144069","display_name":"Herba Polonica","issn_l":"0018-0599","issn":["0018-0599","2449-8343"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Herba Polonica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016046804","display_name":"Yusuf Alif Pratama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-6881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-6881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205133468","display_name":"Universitas Airlangga","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctejd88","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YUSUF ALIF PRATAMA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy Airlangga University  Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy Airlangga University  Surabaya 60115, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133189732","display_name":"Agus Pratiwi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158925","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/05cn2wc35","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158925"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AGUS PRATIWI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya Surabaya 60115, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046175892","display_name":"Muhammad Idham Shukor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-0371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-0371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MUHAMMAD IDHAM SHUKOR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Technology Malaysia Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Technology Malaysia Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88832959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"4","first_page":"21","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12347","display_name":"Ginger and Zingiberaceae research","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kaempferia-galanga","display_name":"Kaempferia galanga","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-sunscreen","display_name":"natural sunscreen","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoprotection","display_name":"photoprotection","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate","display_name":"ethyl p-methoxycinnamate","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-compounds","display_name":"phenolic compounds","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-oils","display_name":"essential oils","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-protection-factor","display_name":"sun protection factor","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topical-preparations","display_name":"topical formulation","score":0.7490000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375837","display_name":"Gallic acid","level":3,"score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.7053999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779054382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287","display_name":"Flavonoid","level":3,"score":0.7006000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.6725999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781263971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409478","display_name":"Quercetin","level":3,"score":0.6668999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134550120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184208","display_name":"Rhizome","level":2,"score":0.6033999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776789170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37021","display_name":"Zingiberaceae","level":3,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779858419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407153","display_name":"Ethyl acetate","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779311684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17774539","display_name":"Bioactive compound","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780022331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Vitamin C","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777278459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170885","display_name":"Essential oil","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992670425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827658","display_name":"Sun protection factor","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986274086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188840","display_name":"Medicinal plants","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738144069","display_name":"Herba Polonica","issn_l":"0018-0599","issn":["0018-0599","2449-8343"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Herba Polonica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.9762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738144069","display_name":"Herba Polonica","issn_l":"0018-0599","issn":["0018-0599","2449-8343"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Herba Polonica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036239289","https://openalex.org/W3205229482","https://openalex.org/W3169853267","https://openalex.org/W4303946402","https://openalex.org/W2599363718","https://openalex.org/W7168132250","https://openalex.org/W7166823821","https://openalex.org/W7087460761","https://openalex.org/W7126214896","https://openalex.org/W4416025897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1,128,194],"increasing":[2],"demand":[3],"for":[4,263],"natural":[5,260],"photoprotective":[6,254],"agents":[7],"has":[8],"driven":[9],"the":[10,29,72,168],"exploration":[11],"of":[12,49,53,114,120,138,148,167,180,202,207,211,224,229,237],"plant-derived":[13],"bioactive":[14],"compounds":[15],"with":[16,134],"ultraviolet":[17],"(UV)":[18],"absorbing":[19],"and":[20,34,46,79,102,118,163,187,209,216,233,253,256],"antioxidant":[21,30,132,252],"properties.":[22],"Objective:":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"aimed":[26],"to":[27],"evaluate":[28],"activity,":[31],"total":[32,77,164],"flavonoid":[33,78,153],"phenolic":[35,80,165],"content,":[36,43],"ethyl":[37],"p-methoxycinnamate":[38],"(EPMC)":[39],"level,":[40],"essential":[41,94,188],"oil":[42,95,189],"GC-MS":[44],"profiling,":[45],"sunscreen":[47,64,196,265],"potential":[48],"70%":[50],"ethanolic":[51],"extract":[52,129,162,169,249],"Kaempferia":[54],"galanga":[55,247],"L.":[56],"rhizome,":[57],"followed":[58],"by":[59,84,99,107],"formulation":[60],"into":[61],"a":[62,222,227,234,258],"topical":[63],"preparation.":[65],"Methods:":[66],"Antioxidant":[67],"activity":[68,133],"was":[69,82,89,97,105,155,170,191],"determined":[70,98,106],"using":[71,91],"DPPH":[73],"radical":[74],"scavenging":[75],"assay,":[76],"content":[81,88,96,154,166,190],"measured":[83],"colorimetric":[85],"method,":[86],"EPMC":[87,182],"analysed":[90],"thin-layer":[92],"chromatography,":[93],"steam":[100],"distillation,":[101],"chemical":[103],"profiling":[104],"GC-MS.":[108],"Sun":[109],"protection":[110],"factor":[111],"(SPF),":[112],"percentage":[113,119],"erythema":[115],"transmission":[116,122],"(%TE),":[117],"pigmentation":[121],"(%TP)":[123],"were":[124],"evaluated":[125],"spectrophotometrically.":[126],"Results:":[127],"exhibited":[130],"strong":[131],"an":[135,146,200],"IC\u2085\u2080":[136,147],"value":[137],"26.40":[139],"3.43":[140],"ppm,":[141],"while":[142],"vitamin":[143],"C":[144],"showed":[145],"7.89":[149],"0.45":[150],"ppm.":[151],"Total":[152],"3.26":[156],"0.28":[157],"mg":[158,173],"quercetin":[159],"equivalent":[160,176],"(QE)/g":[161],"58.74":[171],"2.15":[172],"gallic":[174],"acid":[175],"(GAE)":[177],"per":[178],"gram":[179],"extract.":[181],"level":[183],"reached":[184],"22.43":[185],"3.45%,":[186],"3.84":[192],"0.51%.":[193],"formulated":[195],"(5%":[197],"extract)":[198],"demonstrated":[199],"SPF":[201],"40.04":[203],"(ultra-protection":[204],"category),":[205],"%TE":[206],"0.98%,":[208],"%TP":[210],"5.52%,":[212],"indicating":[213],"sun-blocking":[214],"characteristics":[215],"broad-spectrum":[217,264],"protection.":[218],"Physicochemical":[219],"evaluation":[220],"revealed":[221],"pH":[223],"5.21":[225],"0.32,":[226],"viscosity":[228],"472.00":[230],"14.27":[231],"cP,":[232],"particle":[235],"size":[236],"16.27":[238],"2.77":[239],"\u03bcm.":[240],"Conclusion:":[241],"These":[242],"findings":[243],"suggest":[244],"that":[245],"K.":[246],"rhizome":[248],"possesses":[250],"significant":[251],"properties":[255],"is":[257],"promising":[259],"active":[261],"ingredient":[262],"formulations.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}