{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224015773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","title":"The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, Androgen Levels, and Blood Pressure in PMOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","display_name":"The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, Androgen Levels, and Blood Pressure in PMOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224015773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15218350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159810183","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089228","display_name":"West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00726et14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423687","display_name":"Zheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-6702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-6702","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-4625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089228","display_name":"West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00726et14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159973831","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089228","display_name":"West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00726et14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159973831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59047324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"8350","last_page":"8350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-restricted-eating","display_name":"time-restricted eating","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyendocrine-metabolic-ovarian-syndrome","display_name":"polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycystic-ovary-syndrome","display_name":"polycystic ovary syndrome","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homa-ir","display_name":"HOMA-IR","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-insulin-sensitivity-check-index","display_name":"QUICKI","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-insulin","display_name":"fasting insulin","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-profile","display_name":"lipid profile","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/androgen-levels","display_name":"androgen levels","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"blood pressure","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-intervention","display_name":"dietary intervention","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropometric-measures","display_name":"anthropometric measures","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testosterone","display_name":"testosterone","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-hormone-binding-globulin","display_name":"sex hormone-binding globulin","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-androgen-index","display_name":"free androgen index","score":0.9950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9764999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776193436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236232","display_name":"Waist","level":3,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778270857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723972","display_name":"Lipid profile","level":3,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777911890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62614","display_name":"Androgen","level":3,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149984733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666254","display_name":"Intermittent fasting","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15218350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15218350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15218350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046828742","https://openalex.org/W2130235475","https://openalex.org/W2170563191","https://openalex.org/W2170892587","https://openalex.org/W2186218348","https://openalex.org/W2793887346","https://openalex.org/W2799787925","https://openalex.org/W2799962683","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2972582268","https://openalex.org/W2994010505","https://openalex.org/W3043503484","https://openalex.org/W3088501974","https://openalex.org/W3122951981","https://openalex.org/W3129159757","https://openalex.org/W3144543375","https://openalex.org/W3203246503","https://openalex.org/W4251646064","https://openalex.org/W4303021913","https://openalex.org/W4313531903","https://openalex.org/W4320494004","https://openalex.org/W4376139674","https://openalex.org/W4382048803","https://openalex.org/W4390535772","https://openalex.org/W4391680903","https://openalex.org/W4399730949","https://openalex.org/W4401623755","https://openalex.org/W4402827186","https://openalex.org/W4405739429","https://openalex.org/W4406107933","https://openalex.org/W4406421010","https://openalex.org/W4406968092","https://openalex.org/W4407358101","https://openalex.org/W4414568942","https://openalex.org/W4414702341","https://openalex.org/W4414746475","https://openalex.org/W4414780614","https://openalex.org/W4417213247","https://openalex.org/W7123393624","https://openalex.org/W7123684727","https://openalex.org/W7141461785","https://openalex.org/W7160639059","https://openalex.org/W7160853469","https://openalex.org/W7160886942","https://openalex.org/W7162189751","https://openalex.org/W7164152157","https://openalex.org/W7166476694","https://openalex.org/W7166565851","https://openalex.org/W7167937503","https://openalex.org/W7171562971","https://openalex.org/W7196999872","https://openalex.org/W7202072700","https://openalex.org/W7204206363","https://openalex.org/W7204226525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166476694","https://openalex.org/W7166565851","https://openalex.org/W4295997776","https://openalex.org/W7046912041","https://openalex.org/W7123393624","https://openalex.org/W7222875664","https://openalex.org/W7168112674","https://openalex.org/W4411293082","https://openalex.org/W4410606701","https://openalex.org/W4313272833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Polyendocrine":[1],"metabolic":[2],"ovarian":[3],"syndrome":[4],"(PMOS)":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,17],"common":[8],"endocrine\u2013metabolic":[9],"disorder.":[10],"Time-restricted":[11],"eating":[12],"(TRE)":[13],"has":[14],"emerged":[15],"as":[16,262],"potential":[18],"dietary":[19],"intervention,":[20],"but":[21],"its":[22],"efficacy":[23],"in":[24,46,92,264],"PMOS":[25,89],"remains":[26],"unclear.":[27],"This":[28],"systematic":[29,94],"review":[30],"and":[31,43,66,105,159,182,211,259],"meta-analysis":[32],"aimed":[33],"to":[34,79,146,157,167,180,192,291],"evaluate":[35],"the":[36,67,93,243],"effects":[37,275],"of":[38,60],"TRE":[39,133,169,247],"on":[40,234,276],"metabolic,":[41],"hormonal,":[42],"anthropometric":[44,277],"parameters":[45],"women":[47,87,265],"with":[48,88,266],"PMOS.":[49],"Methods:":[50],"A":[51],"literature":[52],"search":[53],"was":[54,121],"conducted":[55,122],"using":[56,123],"PubMed,":[57],"Scopus,":[58],"Web":[59],"Science":[61],"databases,":[62],"Embase,":[63],"Cochrane":[64],"Library,":[65],"WHO":[68],"International":[69],"Clinical":[70],"Trials":[71],"Registry":[72],"Platform":[73],"for":[74,115,200,242],"studies":[75,84,100,126],"published":[76],"from":[77],"inception":[78],"1":[80],"July":[81],"2026.":[82],"Eight":[83],"involving":[85,110,127],"363":[86],"were":[90,113,198],"included":[91],"review.":[95],"Among":[96],"these,":[97],"five":[98,124],"controlled":[99,103,125],"(four":[101],"randomised":[102,107],"trials":[104,288],"one":[106],"crossover":[108],"trial),":[109],"264":[111,128],"participants,":[112],"eligible":[114],"quantitative":[116],"synthesis.":[117],"Results:":[118],"Quantitative":[119],"synthesis":[120],"participants.":[129],"Meta-analysis":[130],"showed":[131],"that":[132],"significantly":[134,171],"reduced":[135,183],"fasting":[136,148,253,256],"plasma":[137,254],"glucose":[138],"(MD":[139,150,161,186],"=":[140,151,162,175,187,225,229],"\u22120.17":[141],"mmol/L,":[142],"95%":[143,154,164,177,189],"CI:":[144,155,165,178,190],"\u22120.31":[145],"\u22120.03),":[147],"insulin":[149,250],"\u221228.86":[152],"pmol/L,":[153],"\u221251.98":[156],"\u22125.74),":[158],"HOMA-IR":[160],"\u22120.66,":[163],"\u22120.86":[166],"\u22120.45).":[168],"also":[170],"improved":[172],"QUICKI":[173],"(SMD":[174],"0.48,":[176],"0.05":[179],"0.92)":[181],"HbA1c":[184,263],"levels":[185],"\u22121.70%,":[188],"\u22123.18":[191],"\u22120.22).":[193],"No":[194],"statistically":[195],"significant":[196,239,274],"differences":[197,241],"observed":[199],"body":[201],"weight,":[202],"BMI,":[203],"waist":[204],"circumference,":[205],"lipid":[206,279],"profiles":[207],"(LDL-C,":[208],"HDL-C,":[209],"TC,":[210],"TG),":[212],"total":[213],"testosterone,":[214],"SHBG,":[215],"free":[216],"androgen":[217],"index,":[218],"or":[219,283],"blood":[220,284],"pressure":[221],"outcomes":[222],"(SBP":[223],"P":[224,228],"0.05;":[226],"DBP":[227],"0.11).":[230],"Subgroup":[231],"analyses":[232],"based":[233],"comparator":[235],"type":[236],"revealed":[237],"no":[238],"subgroup":[240],"key":[244],"outcomes.":[245],"Conclusions:":[246],"may":[248],"improve":[249],"sensitivity-related":[251],"outcomes\u2014including":[252],"glucose,":[255],"insulin,":[257],"HOMA-IR,":[258],"QUICKI\u2014as":[260],"well":[261],"PCOS.":[267],"However,":[268],"current":[269],"evidence":[270],"does":[271],"not":[272],"demonstrate":[273],"measures,":[278],"metabolism,":[280],"androgen-related":[281],"outcomes,":[282],"pressure.":[285],"Long-term,":[286],"larger":[287],"are":[289],"warranted":[290],"confirm":[292],"these":[293],"benefits.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}
