{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224015535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","title":"Sustainable methylcellulose composites with enhanced amorphous phase and giant optical bandgap reduction via rosemary-derived green copper complexes","display_name":"Sustainable methylcellulose composites with enhanced amorphous phase and giant optical bandgap reduction via rosemary-derived green copper complexes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224015535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042866","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Materials in Engineering","issn_l":"3004-8958","issn":["3004-8958"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049693054","display_name":"Dyari Mustafa Mamand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-7094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-7094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132703562","display_name":"University of Raparin","ror":"https://ror.org/00fs9wb06","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132703562"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dyari M. Mamand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Raparin, Ranya, 46012, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Raparin, Ranya, 46012, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132703562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052540968","display_name":"Dara Muhammad Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-6301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-6301"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132703562","display_name":"University of Raparin","ror":"https://ror.org/00fs9wb06","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132703562"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dara M. Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Ranya, 46012, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Ranya, 46012, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132703562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121343448","display_name":"Hawkar A. Mohammed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738253","display_name":"Charmo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04htg4q18","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738253"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hawkar A. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimanyah, 46001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimanyah, 46001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069207224","display_name":"Shujahadeen B. Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-6604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-6604"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64952554","display_name":"University of Sulaimani","ror":"https://ror.org/00saanr69","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shujahadeen B. Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turning Trash to Treasure Laboratory (TTTL), Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turning Trash to Treasure Laboratory (TTTL), Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107535288","display_name":"Govar H. Hamasalih","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64952554","display_name":"University of Sulaimani","ror":"https://ror.org/00saanr69","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Govar H. Hamasalih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turning Trash to Treasure Laboratory (TTTL), Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turning Trash to Treasure Laboratory (TTTL), Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159875490","display_name":"Shanya N. Abdullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64952554","display_name":"University of Sulaimani","ror":"https://ror.org/00saanr69","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanya N. Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turning Trash to Treasure Laboratory (TTTL), Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turning Trash to Treasure Laboratory (TTTL), Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069207224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64952554"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72107969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12416","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12416","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10610","display_name":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","score":0.04019999876618385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10488","display_name":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cu-ii-complexes","display_name":"copper(II) complexes","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-synthesis","display_name":"green synthesis","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-phase","display_name":"amorphous phase","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-band-gap-narrowing","display_name":"optical band gap narrowing","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligand-to-metal-charge-transfer","display_name":"ligand-to-metal charge transfer","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbach-energy","display_name":"Urbach energy","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-susceptibility","display_name":"nonlinear optical susceptibility","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-refractive-index","display_name":"nonlinear refractive index","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-properties","display_name":"dielectric properties","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-carrier-density","display_name":"free carrier concentration","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-bonding","display_name":"hydrogen bonding","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-photonic-devices","display_name":"flexible photonic devices","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-protection","display_name":"UV protection","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-optical-switching","display_name":"all-optical switching","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopolymer-composites","display_name":"biopolymer composites","score":0.7329999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.8064000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7857000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56052488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382","display_name":"Amorphous solid","level":2,"score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778636629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422649","display_name":"Biopolymer","level":3,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112887158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169324","display_name":"Hydrogen bond","level":3,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50515024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826582","display_name":"X-ray crystallography","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166950319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245031","display_name":"Intermolecular force","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129446986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542419","display_name":"Thermal analysis","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95311098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783078","display_name":"Thermal treatment","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042866","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Materials in Engineering","issn_l":"3004-8958","issn":["3004-8958"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00630-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042866","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Materials in Engineering","issn_l":"3004-8958","issn":["3004-8958"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402597748","https://openalex.org/W4416765441","https://openalex.org/W4413355497","https://openalex.org/W4401507129","https://openalex.org/W7162108420","https://openalex.org/W3181812735","https://openalex.org/W2617771014","https://openalex.org/W4403502915","https://openalex.org/W7134235956","https://openalex.org/W4386025878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Tailor-made":[1],"biopolymer":[2],"composites":[3],"with":[4,64,202],"high-performance":[5],"and":[6,44,76,145,166,183,237,270,281],"sustainable":[7],"optoelectronic":[8],"properties":[9],"are":[10,265],"crucial":[11],"towards":[12],"the":[13,20,35,50,77,84,93,125,129,135,159,162,174,211,218,261],"next":[14],"generation":[15],"of":[16,34,49,60,107,128,173,207],"flexible":[17,276],"electronics.":[18],"In":[19],"current":[21],"study,":[22],"an":[23,214],"eco-friendly":[24],"Cu(II)\u2013rosemary":[25],"organometallic":[26],"complex":[27],"was":[28,68,97,110],"prepared":[29],"using":[30],"thermal":[31],"aqueous":[32],"extraction":[33],"bioactive":[36],"polyphenols":[37],"present":[38],"in":[39,46,83,169,217],"rosemary":[40],"(Rosmarinus":[41],"officinalis)":[42],"leaves":[43],"embedded":[45],"a":[47,56,170,203],"matrix":[48,86],"host":[51],"polymer":[52],"methylcellulose":[53],"(MC)":[54],"through":[55],"solution-casting":[57],"technique.":[58],"Coordination":[59],"Cu2":[61],"+":[62],"ions":[63],"polyphenolic":[65],"functional":[66],"groups":[67],"supported":[69],"by":[70,99,112,164],"infrared":[71],"Fourier":[72],"transform":[73],"(FTIR)":[74],"spectroscopy":[75],"strong":[78],"intermolecular":[79],"hydrogen":[80],"bond":[81],"interactions":[82],"MC":[85,109],"were":[87],"also":[88],"demonstrated.":[89],"The":[90,103,256],"crystallinity":[91],"to":[92,115,121,134,137,155,193,230,249],"predominant":[94],"amorphous":[95],"phase":[96],"confirmed":[98],"X-ray":[100],"diffraction":[101],"(XRD).":[102],"optical":[104,205],"band":[105],"gap":[106],"pure":[108],"measured":[111],"spectroscopic":[113],"analysis":[114],"be":[116,272],"6.13":[117],"eV,":[118],"which":[119],"reduced":[120],"0.76":[122],"eV":[123,154],"at":[124],"maximum":[126],"loading":[127],"complex.":[130],"This":[131],"is":[132],"due":[133],"ligand":[136],"metal":[138],"charge":[139],"transfer":[140],"(LMCT),":[141],"localised":[142],"d\u2013d":[143],"transitions":[144],"higher":[146],"structural":[147],"disorder":[148],"(increased":[149],"Urbach":[150],"energy,":[151],"from":[152,224,243],"0.74":[153],"1.63":[156],"eV).":[157],"For":[158],"same":[160],"material,":[161],"modelling":[163],"Wemple\u2013DiDomenico":[165],"Drude\u2013Lorentz":[167],"resulted":[168],"considerable":[171],"rise":[172],"static":[175],"refractive":[176,239],"index":[177,240],"(1.14\u20132.38),":[178],"high-frequency":[179],"dielectric":[180],"constant":[181],"(1.35\u20137.99),":[182],"free-carrier":[184],"concentration":[185],"(1.03":[186],"\u00d7":[187,195,226,232,245,251],"10":[188,196,227,233,246,252],"26":[189],"m":[190,198],"\u2212":[191,199,228,234,247,253],"3":[192,200],"6.88":[194],"27":[197],"),":[201],"low":[204],"resistivity":[206],"0.00082":[208],"\u2126\u22c5m.":[209],"Importantly,":[210],"films":[212],"showed":[213],"enormous":[215],"increase":[216],"third-order":[219],"NLO":[220,238],"susceptibility":[221],"(\u03c7":[222],"(3)":[223],"6.39":[225],"17":[229],"3.17":[231],"12":[235],")":[236],"(n":[241],"2":[242],"3.67":[244],"13":[248],"7.42":[250],"11":[254],").":[255],"results":[257],"have":[258],"shown":[259],"that":[260],"MC/Cu(II)\u2013rosemary":[262],"composite":[263],"membranes":[264],"very":[266],"efficient,":[267],"environmentally":[268],"friendly":[269],"can":[271],"used":[273],"for":[274],"creating":[275],"photonic":[277],"devices,":[278],"UV":[279],"shielding":[280],"all-optical":[282],"switching":[283],"devices.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}