{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224008689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34637","title":"Symmetry-driven in-situ physical adjoint computing beyond reciprocity","display_name":"Symmetry-driven in-situ physical adjoint computing beyond reciprocity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224008689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.34637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34637","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34637","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159865678","display_name":"Cunshen Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Cunshen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159766156","display_name":"Rong Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018063547","display_name":"Jiongning Che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-8991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-8991"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Che, Jiongning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036400252","display_name":"Cheng-Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1383-2354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1383-2354","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6570-0369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Cheng-Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159888451","display_name":"Liang Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics , Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE , Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province , Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , and School of Physical Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.6416000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.6416000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.03099999949336052,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonreciprocity","display_name":"nonreciprocity","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"reciprocity","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schur-reduction","display_name":"Schur reduction","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-networks","display_name":"microwave networks","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjoint-gradient","display_name":"adjoint gradient","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop-optimization","display_name":"closed-loop optimization","score":0.8899999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200106649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223683","display_name":"Transpose","level":3,"score":0.8726999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171972299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500908","display_name":"Self-adjoint operator","level":3,"score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.5900999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165551260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4428962","display_name":"Adjoint equation","level":3,"score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652941","display_name":"Hermitian matrix","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133978748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15955882","display_name":"Reflection symmetry","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.34637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34637","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.34637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.34637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34637","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224008689.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224008689.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223799454","https://openalex.org/W7203689932","https://openalex.org/W2028571780","https://openalex.org/W7151325855","https://openalex.org/W7163737585","https://openalex.org/W4367836796","https://openalex.org/W3109764954","https://openalex.org/W4404316875","https://openalex.org/W7134947167","https://openalex.org/W4396510796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonreciprocity":[0],"enriches":[1],"wave":[2],"control":[3],"and":[4,59,80],"information":[5],"processing":[6],"through":[7,47],"directional":[8],"transport,":[9],"yet":[10],"challenges":[11],"conventional":[12],"in-situ":[13,29,98],"physical":[14,30,99],"adjoint":[15,23,31,41,82,100],"optimization,":[16],"which":[17,37],"relies":[18],"on":[19,43],"reciprocity":[20],"to":[21,40,97],"acquire":[22],"responses.":[24],"Here":[25],"we":[26],"demonstrate":[27],"symmetry-driven":[28],"computing":[32,101],"(Sym-iPAC)":[33],"in":[34,62],"nonreciprocal":[35,73],"systems,":[36],"enables":[38],"access":[39],"responses":[42],"the":[44],"original":[45],"hardware":[46],"three":[48],"classes":[49],"of":[50],"transpose":[51,78,92],"symmetry:":[52],"local":[53],"geometric":[54],"permutations,":[55],"complex":[56],"gauge":[57],"reweighting,":[58],"latent":[60],"symmetry":[61,93],"effective":[63],"port":[64],"dynamics":[65],"revealed":[66],"by":[67],"Schur":[68],"reduction.":[69],"Experiments":[70],"with":[71],"programmable":[72],"microwave":[74],"networks":[75],"validate":[76],"these":[77],"relations":[79],"yield":[81],"gradients,":[83],"enabling":[84],"closed-loop":[85],"optimization.":[86],"These":[87],"results":[88],"establish":[89],"experimentally":[90],"accessible":[91],"as":[94],"a":[95],"route":[96],"beyond":[102],"reciprocity.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}